计算机层次化,第二章 计算机网络的层次化结构

TCP/IPISO/OSI

2-1

2-1-1

/

AB-

2-1-1

2-1-1 ( Peer Protocol ) //

2-1-1 () (Layered architecture)

2-1-2

2-1-3

2-1-4 ISO/OSI

2-1-5 TCP/IPX.25TCPIP OSI

7654321

2-2 () 1 2 3

2-2-1

10 1012

ST-STST-SCSC-SC

STPUTPUTP-3UTP-5RJ-458

10010Mb/s100Mb/s

TIA/EIA 568ATIA/EIA 568B

568A 568B1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 50150Mb/s 75 CATV

2-2-2 : 1 300 Hz 4000 Hz3700Hz bps

Coding and Decoding TTL RS-232CASCII Modulation and Demodulation

1AM 2FM 3PM

SDH SDHSDHSDHDDN (Digital Date Network)ATM SDHDDNIP

1ISDN 2ADSLxDSLADSLDSLADSL8Mbps/1Mbps,ADSL Modem10M ADSL,, 3Cable ModemCable Modem36Mbps/10Mbps (//...)QPSK10Mbps 4LAN 5Wireless WIFIWPA

2-2-3 RS-232C RS232-CModem RS-232C RS232-C -5-151+5+1507

RS-232C RS-232C

RS-232ISO 211025()DTE() DCE15 RS-23221 RS-232C

DTEDCEISO 2110 ISO 2593 ISO 4902ISO 4903 DTEDCEDTEDCEDTEDCE

P78 - P79

MUX FDM

TDM

WDM

CDM

2-3 ()- 1 23 4 5 6

2-3-1

80248 6MACIEEE33

IPARP

2-3-2 X.25TCP

IP

2-3-2 TCP/IP soh CRC eot

CRC

4

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2-3-3

1ISOHDLC 2PPP

PPP

PPP

PPP LCP IPIPCP PAP CHAP PPP IP PPP PPPPPP

2-4 1 2 3 4

2-4-1 IP IPIPInternet ProtocolIP32IPIP 328 IP 01010010 10101010 10101010 11101010 82.123.123.234

IP +

A712624167772141-126B14163821665534128-191C2120971508254192-223

IP

IP IPIP 1IP0IP A 255.0.0.0 B 255.255.0.0 C 255.255.255.0

IPPRIVATE IPInternetInternet

2-4-2

2-4-3 ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)IPMAC

RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol IP

2-4-4 2-4-5

2-4-6 IP IPIP TCP/IP

Repeater:HUB

Bridge:LAN MAC

3. Switch

Router

Gateway

2-4-6 IP IP IPIP+

IP ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol IP

IP

IPv6IPv6IPIPv4IPv6IPv41 IPv6IPv432128IP2 IPv6IPIPv4137

2-5 ( 123

2-5-1 TCP

TCP

12 FIN+ACK FIN+ACK FIN+ACK FIN+ACK ACK ACK TCPSYN FIN

2-5-2

TCP

121000=1500 1-1000 1001-2000 2001-2500 2000=500 2500=0 1000 2000 2500 2000= 25002500=2000 2501-3500 3501-4500 3500=1000 4500=0 10004500=1000 3500 4500 4500

2-5-3 TCP123

2-5-4 TCP IPTCPTCPIP

UDP

TCPIP

2-6

2-6-1 /

2-6-2

domain nameHZRTVU.EDU.CN

DNSIP

2-6-3 SMTPE-mail yangym@hzrtvu.edu.cn FTP

WWWWord Wide WebWebWebBrowser / Server Web HTML B/S C/S C/SGUIPC B/SJavaHTMLSNMPMPEG1MPEG2