java的httpclient_JAVA通过HttpClient发送HTTP请求的方法示例

HttpClient介绍

HttpClient 不是一个浏览器。它是一个客户端的 HTTP 通信实现库。HttpClient的目标是发 送和接收HTTP 报文。HttpClient不会去缓存内容，执行 嵌入在 HTML 页面中的javascript 代码，猜测内容类型，重新格式化请求/重定向URI，或者其它和 HTTP 运输无关的功能。

HttpClient使用

使用需要引入jar包，maven项目引入如下：

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpclient

4.5

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpcore

4.4.4

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpmime

4.5

使用方法，代码如下：

package com.test;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.security.KeyManagementException;

import java.security.KeyStoreException;

import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.config.Registry;

import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;

import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**

*

* @author H__D

* @date 2016年10月19日 上午11:27:25

*

*/

public class HttpClientUtil {

// utf-8字符编码

public static final String CHARSET_UTF_8 = "utf-8";

// HTTP内容类型。

public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_HTML = "text/xml";

// HTTP内容类型。相当于form表单的形式，提交数据

public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

// HTTP内容类型。相当于form表单的形式，提交数据

public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_JSON_URL = "application/json;charset=utf-8";

// 连接管理器

private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pool;

// 请求配置

private static RequestConfig requestConfig;

static {

try {

//System.out.println("初始化HttpClientTest~~~开始");

SSLContextBuilder builder = new SSLContextBuilder();

builder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy());

SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(

builder.build());

// 配置同时支持 HTTP 和 HTPPS

Registry socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder. create().register(

"http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory()).register(

"https", sslsf).build();

// 初始化连接管理器

pool = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(

socketFactoryRegistry);

// 将最大连接数增加到200，实际项目最好从配置文件中读取这个值

pool.setMaxTotal(200);

// 设置最大路由

pool.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(2);

// 根据默认超时限制初始化requestConfig

int socketTimeout = 10000;

int connectTimeout = 10000;

int connectionRequestTimeout = 10000;

requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(

connectionRequestTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).setConnectTimeout(

connectTimeout).build();

//System.out.println("初始化HttpClientTest~~~结束");

} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (KeyStoreException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (KeyManagementException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 设置请求超时时间

requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(50000).setConnectTimeout(50000)

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(50000).build();

}

public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()

// 设置连接池管理

.setConnectionManager(pool)

// 设置请求配置

.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)

// 设置重试次数

.setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(0, false))

.build();

return httpClient;

}

/**

* 发送Post请求

*

* @param httpPost

* @return

*/

private static String sendHttpPost(HttpPost httpPost) {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

// 响应内容

String responseContent = null;

try {

// 创建默认的httpClient实例.

httpClient = getHttpClient();

// 配置请求信息

httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 执行请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 得到响应实例

HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

// 可以获得响应头

// Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);

// for (Header header : headers) {

// System.out.println(header.getName());

// }

// 得到响应类型

// System.out.println(ContentType.getOrDefault(response.getEntity()).getMimeType());

// 判断响应状态

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() >= 300) {

throw new Exception(

"HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());

}

if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {

responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, CHARSET_UTF_8);

EntityUtils.consume(entity);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return responseContent;

}

/**

* 发送Get请求

*

* @param httpGet

* @return

*/

private static String sendHttpGet(HttpGet httpGet) {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

// 响应内容

String responseContent = null;

try {

// 创建默认的httpClient实例.

httpClient = getHttpClient();

// 配置请求信息

httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 执行请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 得到响应实例

HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

// 可以获得响应头

// Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);

// for (Header header : headers) {

// System.out.println(header.getName());

// }

// 得到响应类型

// System.out.println(ContentType.getOrDefault(response.getEntity()).getMimeType());

// 判断响应状态

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() >= 300) {

throw new Exception(

"HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());

}

if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {

responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, CHARSET_UTF_8);

EntityUtils.consume(entity);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return responseContent;

}

/**

* 发送 post请求

*

* @param httpUrl

* 地址

*/

public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl) {

// 创建httpPost

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);

return sendHttpPost(httpPost);

}

/**

* 发送 get请求

*

* @param httpUrl

*/

public static String sendHttpGet(String httpUrl) {

// 创建get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);

return sendHttpGet(httpGet);

}

/**

* 发送 post请求(带文件)

*

* @param httpUrl

* 地址

* @param maps

* 参数

* @param fileLists

* 附件

*/

public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map maps, List fileLists) {

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost

MultipartEntityBuilder meBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();

if (maps != null) {

for (String key : maps.keySet()) {

meBuilder.addPart(key, new StringBody(maps.get(key), ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN));

}

}

if (fileLists != null) {

for (File file : fileLists) {

FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);

meBuilder.addPart("files", fileBody);

}

}

HttpEntity reqEntity = meBuilder.build();

httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);

return sendHttpPost(httpPost);

}

/**

* 发送 post请求

*

* @param httpUrl

* 地址

* @param params

* 参数(格式:key1=value1&key2=value2)

*

*/

public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, String params) {

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost

try {

// 设置参数

if (params != null && params.trim().length() > 0) {

StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(params, "UTF-8");

stringEntity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL);

httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return sendHttpPost(httpPost);

}

/**

* 发送 post请求

*

* @param maps

* 参数

*/

public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map maps) {

String parem = convertStringParamter(maps);

return sendHttpPost(httpUrl, parem);

}

/**

* 发送 post请求 发送json数据

*

* @param httpUrl

* 地址

* @param paramsJson

* 参数(格式 json)

*

*/

public static String sendHttpPostJson(String httpUrl, String paramsJson) {

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost

try {

// 设置参数

if (paramsJson != null && paramsJson.trim().length() > 0) {

StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(paramsJson, "UTF-8");

stringEntity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_JSON_URL);

httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return sendHttpPost(httpPost);

}

/**

* 发送 post请求 发送xml数据

*

* @param httpUrl 地址

* @param paramsXml 参数(格式 Xml)

*

*/

public static String sendHttpPostXml(String httpUrl, String paramsXml) {

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost

try {

// 设置参数

if (paramsXml != null && paramsXml.trim().length() > 0) {

StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(paramsXml, "UTF-8");

stringEntity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_HTML);

httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return sendHttpPost(httpPost);

}

/**

* 将map集合的键值对转化成：key1=value1&key2=value2 的形式

*

* @param parameterMap

* 需要转化的键值对集合

* @return 字符串

*/

public static String convertStringParamter(Map parameterMap) {

StringBuffer parameterBuffer = new StringBuffer();

if (parameterMap != null) {

Iterator iterator = parameterMap.keySet().iterator();

String key = null;

String value = null;

while (iterator.hasNext()) {

key = (String) iterator.next();

if (parameterMap.get(key) != null) {

value = (String) parameterMap.get(key);

} else {

value = "";

}

parameterBuffer.append(key).append("=").append(value);

if (iterator.hasNext()) {

parameterBuffer.append("&");

}

}

}

return parameterBuffer.toString();

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

System.out.println(sendHttpGet("http://www.baidu.com"));

}

}

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