python requests库详解_Python Requests库详解

Requests是用Python语言编写，基于urllib，采用Apache2Licensed开源协议的HTTP库。

它比urllib更加方便，可以节约我们大量的工作，完全满足HTTP测试需求。

一句话--Python实现的简单易用的HTTP库

安装Requests

pip3 isntall requests

request

实例引入

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

print(type(response))

print(response.status_code)

print(type(response.text))

print(response.text)

print(response.cookies)

各种请求方式

import requests

requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')

requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')

requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')

requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')

requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

请求

基本GET请求

基本写法

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

print(response.text)

带参数GET请求

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org?name=puqunzhu&age=23')

print(response.text)

import requests

data = {

'name':'puqunzhu',

'age':22

}

response = requests.get("http://httpbin/get",params=data)

print(response.text)

解析json

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

print(type(response.text))

print(response.json())

print(type(response.json()))

获取二进制数据

import requests

response = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico")

print(type(response.text),type(response.content))

print(response.text)

print(response.content)

import requests

response = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico")

with open('favicon.ico','wb')as f:

f.write(response.content)

f.close()

添加headers

import requests

response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")

print(response.text)

import requests

headers={

'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'

}

response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore",headers=headers)

print(response.text)

基本POST请求

import requests

data = {'name':'puqunzhu','age':'22'}

response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=data)

print(response.text)

import requests

data = {'name':'puqunzhu','age':22}

headers={

'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36'

}

response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=data,headers=headers)

print(response.json())

响应

response属性

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.janshu.com')

print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)

print(type(response.headers),response.headers)

print(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)

print(type(response.url),response.url)

print(type(response.history),response.history)

状态码判断

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com')

exit()if not response.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print('Request Successfully')

import requests

response = requests.get("http://www.jianshu.com")

exit()if not response.status_code == 200 else print('Request Successfully')

文本操作

文件上传

import requests

files ={'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}

response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",files=files)

print(response.text)

获取cookie

import requests

response =requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")

print(response.cookies)

for key,value in response.cookies.items():

print(key+'='+value)

会话维持

模拟登录

import requests

requests.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789")

response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")

print(response.text)

import requests

s = requests.Session()

s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')

response = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')

print(response.text)

证书验证

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn')

print(response.status_code)

import requests

from requests.packages import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings()

response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)

print(response.status_code)

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',cert=('/path/server.crt','/path/key'))

print(response.status_code)

代理设置

import requests

proxies = {

'http':'http://61.135.217.7:80',

'https':'https://61.150.96.27:46111',

}

response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)

print(response.status_code)

import requests

proxies = {

'http':'http://user:password@61.135.217.7:80/',

}

response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)

print(response.status_code)

pip3 install 'requests{socks}'

import requests

proxies = {

'http':'socks5://61.135.217.7:80',

'https':'socks5://61.150.96.27:46111',

}

response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)

print(response.status_code)

超时设置

import requests

try:

response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",timeout = 1)

print(response.status_code)

except ReadTimeout:

print('Timeout')

认证设置

import requests

from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

r = requests.get("http://120.27.34.24:9001",auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user','123'))

print(r.status_code)

异常处理

import requests

from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestException

try:

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout = 0.01)

print(response.status_code)

except ReadTimeout:

print('Timeout')

except HTTPError:

print('Http error')

except RequestException:

print('Error')