RabbitMQ(1)

一、RabbitMQ介绍

1.1Rabbit作用

  • 服务调用:异步调用
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 海量请求问题:通过队列进行削峰
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 多个服务之间调用:降低耦合
    在这里插入图片描述

1.2 RabbitMQ介绍

RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议(AMQP)的开源消息代理软件(亦称面向消息的中间件)。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的,而集群和故障转移是构建在开放电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。

首先RabbitMQ基于AMQP协议开发,所以很多基于AMQP协议的功能RabbitMQ都是支持的,比如SpringCloud中的消息总线bus

其次RabbitMQ是基于Erlang编写,这是也是RabbitMQ天生的优势,Erlang被称为面向并发编程的语言,并发能力极强,在众多的MQ中,RabbitMQ的延迟特别低,在微秒级别,所以一般的业务处理RabbitMQ比Kafka和RocketMQ更有优势

最后RabbitMQ提供自带了图形化界面,操作方便,还自带了多种集群模式,可以保证RabbitMQ的高可用,并且SpringBoot默认就整合RabbitMQ,使用简单方便。

二、RabbitMQ安装

2.1 安装步骤

用Docker的方式在Linux中安装RabbitMQ,直接使用docker-compose.yml文件即可安装RabbitMQ服务

version: '3.1'
services:
  rabbitmq:
    restart: always
    image: daocloud.io/library/rabbitmq:3.8.8
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ./data/:/var/lib/rabbitmq/
      - ./log/:/var/log/rabbitmq/log/
    ports:
      - 15672:15672
      - 5672:5672

执行 docker-compose up -d运行,响应AMQP为成功

2.2 开启图形化界面

默认情况下,当前镜像的图形化界面默认没有开启,需要进入到容器内部开启图形化管理界面
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
端口号:15672,默认用户和密码均为:guest

三、RabbitMQ构架

官方地址:https://rabbitmq.com/tutorials/amqp-concepts.html

在这里插入图片描述
框架图

可以看出Publisher和Consumer都是单独和RabbitMQ服务中某一个Virtual Host建立Connection的客户端
后续通过Connection可以构建Channel通道,用来发布、接收消息。
一个Virtual Host中可以有多个Exchange和Queue,Exchange可以同时绑定多个Queue。
在基于架构图查看图形化界面,会更加清晰。在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
图形化信息

四、RabbitMQ通讯方式

RabbitMQ提供了7种通讯方式,官方查看:https://rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
在这里插入图片描述

4.1 RabbitMQ提供的通讯方式

4.2 准备验证

  • 导入依赖:amqp-client,junit
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
        <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
        <version>5.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

构建工具类:

package com.xx.util;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 */
public class RabbitMQConnectionUtil {

    public static final String RABBITMQ_HOST = "xxx.xxx.xx.xx";

    public static final int RABBITMQ_PORT = 5672;

    public static final String RABBITMQ_USERNAME = "guest";

    public static final String RABBITMQ_PASSWORD = "guest";

    public static final String RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST = "/";

    /**
     * 构建RabbitMQ的连接对象
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
        //1. 创建Connection工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //2. 设置RabbitMQ的连接信息
        factory.setHost(RABBITMQ_HOST);
        factory.setPort(RABBITMQ_PORT);
        factory.setUsername(RABBITMQ_USERNAME);
        factory.setPassword(RABBITMQ_PASSWORD);
        factory.setVirtualHost(RABBITMQ_VIRTUAL_HOST);

        //3. 返回连接对象
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        return connection;
    }
}

4.3 Hello World

在这里插入图片描述

生产者:

package com.xx.helloworld;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 */
public class Publisher {

    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";

    @Test
    public void publish() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        //4. 发布消息
        String message = "Hello World!";
        channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("消息发送成功!");
    }
}

消费者:

package com.xx.helloworld;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 * @date 2022/1/24 23:02
 */
public class Consumer {

    @Test
    public void consume() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        //4. 监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,true,callback);
        System.out.println("开始监听队列");

        System.in.read();
    }
}

4.4 Work Queues

在这里插入图片描述

  • 生产者:生产者和Hello World的形式是一样的,都是将消息推送到默认交换机。
  • 消费者:让消费者关闭自动ack,并且设置消息的流控,最终实现消费者可以尽可能去多消费消息
package com.xx.workqueues;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 */
public class Consumer {

    @Test
    public void consume1() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        //3.5 设置消息的流控
        channel.basicQos(3);

        //4. 监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("消费者1号-获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,callback);
        System.out.println("开始监听队列");

        System.in.read();
    }

    @Test
    public void consume2() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        channel.basicQos(3);

        //4. 监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("消费者2号-获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(Publisher.QUEUE_NAME,false,callback);
        System.out.println("开始监听队列");

        System.in.read();
    }
}

4.5 Publish/Subscribe

在这里插入图片描述

生产者:自行构建Exchange并绑定指定队列(交换机类型:FANOUT)
消费者如上

package com.xx.pubsub;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 */
public class Publisher {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "pubsub";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "pubsub-one";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "pubsub-two";
    @Test
    public void publish() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);

        //4. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);

        //5. 绑定交换机和队列,使用的是FANOUT类型的交换机,绑定方式是直接绑定
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");

        //6. 发消息到交换机
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"1",null,"publish/subscribe!".getBytes());
        System.out.println("消息成功发送!");
    }
}

4.6 Routing

在这里插入图片描述
生产者:在绑定Exchange和Queue时,需要指定好routingKey,同时在发送消息时,也指定routingKey,只有routingKey一致时,才会把指定的消息路由到指定的Queue,上面的发布订阅是路由形式的一种,直接绑定。

package com.xx.routing;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 */
public class Publisher {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "routing";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "routing-one";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "routing-two";
    @Test
    public void publish() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

        //4. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);

        //5. 绑定交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"ORANGE");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"BLACK");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"GREEN");

        //6. 发消息到交换机
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"ORANGE",null,"大橙子!".getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"BLACK",null,"黑布林大狸子".getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"WHITE",null,"小白兔!".getBytes());
        System.out.println("消息成功发送!");
    }
}

4.7 Topic

在这里插入图片描述

生产者:TOPIC类型可以编写带有特殊意义的routingKey的绑定方式,也就是routing的增强,不光可以按照固定的路由进行绑定,‘’泛型‘’也可。

package com.xx.topics;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 * @date 2022/1/25 20:28
 */
public class Publisher {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME1 = "topic-one";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME2 = "topic-two";
    @Test
    public void publish() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        //4. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME1,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME2,false,false,false,null);

        //5. 绑定交换机和队列,
        // TOPIC类型的交换机在和队列绑定时,需要以aaa.bbb.ccc..方式编写routingkey
        // 其中*代表一个点内容,#代表多个点
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME1,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.orange.*");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.*.rabbit");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME2,EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.#");

        //6. 发消息到交换机
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"big.orange.rabbit",null,"大橙兔子!".getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"small.white.rabbit",null,"小白兔".getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.dog.dog.dog.dog.dog.dog",null,"懒狗狗狗狗".getBytes());
        System.out.println("消息成功发送!");

    }
}

4.8 RPC

在这里插入图片描述

因为两个服务在交互时,可以尽量做到Client和Server的解耦,通过RabbitMQ进行解耦操作
需要让Client发送消息时,携带两个属性:

  • replyTo告知Server响应结果放到哪个队列
  • correlationId告知Server发送相应消息时,需要携带位置标示来告知Client响应的信息

客户端:

package com.xx.rpc;

import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 * @date 2022/2/8 20:03
 */
public class Publisher {

    public static final String QUEUE_PUBLISHER = "rpc_publisher";
    public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer";

    @Test
    public void publish() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null);

        //4. 发布消息
        String message = "Hello RPC!";
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties()
                .builder()
                .replyTo(QUEUE_CONSUMER)
                .correlationId(uuid)
                .build();
        channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_PUBLISHER,props,message.getBytes());

        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String id = properties.getCorrelationId();
                if(id != null && id.equalsIgnoreCase(uuid)){
                    System.out.println("接收到服务端的响应:" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                }
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        });
        System.out.println("消息发送成功!");

        System.in.read();
    }
}

服务端:

package com.xx.rpc;

import com.xx.helloworld.Publisher;
import com.xx.util.RabbitMQConnectionUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author lw
 * @description
 */
public class Consumer {

    public static final String QUEUE_PUBLISHER = "rpc_publisher";
    public static final String QUEUE_CONSUMER = "rpc_consumer";

    @Test
    public void consume() throws Exception {
        //1. 获取连接对象
        Connection connection = RabbitMQConnectionUtil.getConnection();

        //2. 构建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //3. 构建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_CONSUMER,false,false,false,null);


        //4. 监听消息
        DefaultConsumer callback = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者获取到消息:" + new String(body,"UTF-8"));
                String resp = "获取到了client发出的请求,这里是响应的信息";
                String respQueueName = properties.getReplyTo();
                String uuid = properties.getCorrelationId();
                AMQP.BasicProperties props = new AMQP.BasicProperties()
                        .builder()
                        .correlationId(uuid)
                        .build();
                channel.basicPublish("",respQueueName,props,resp.getBytes());
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_PUBLISHER,false,callback);
        System.out.println("开始监听队列");

        System.in.read();
    }
}
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