本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42330641/article/details/128216260

1 重定向和EL表达式

1.1 RequestDispatcher 请求转发

RequestDispatcher 请求转发
- 客户端发起请求，servlet处理业务逻辑；
- servlet调用forward方法，把请求转发到指定资源（jsp、servlet、html）;
- 因为是内部转发所以地址栏的地址不会有变化；
RequestDispatcher 可以访问WEB-INF的数据（有限制一般不能访问）
示例：
跳转的jsp代码

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2022/12/7
  Time: 10:44
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
我是跳转的dispatcher
</body>
</html>

java代码

package net.lizheng.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name="dispatcher",value = "/dispatcherforward")
public class Dispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.getRequestDispatcher("WEB-INF/dispatcher.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

了解即可，

1.2 EL表达式

全称Expression language 灵感来与ECMAscript和xpath ，提供了简写jsp的表达式，使jsp更加的简洁明了；
语法：${变量名} 或者${对象.属性}
取值是从小到大寻找page->request->session->application
- 指定某个作用域寻找:
  - pageScope
  - requestScope
  - sessionScope
  - applicationScope
    javabean

package net.lizheng.web;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2022/12/7
  Time: 10:44
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
name1=${name1}
<br>
name2=${name3.name}
<br>
age=${name3.age}
<br>
<%--指定在session作用域寻找没有返回为空--%>
name3=${seessionScope.name2}
</body>
</html>

请求

package net.lizheng.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name="dispatcher",value = "/dispatcherforward")
public class Dispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setAttribute("name1","小曾");
        req.setAttribute("name2","小政");
        User user=new User();
        user.setName("小小");
        user.setAge(12);
        req.setAttribute("name3",user);
        req.getRequestDispatcher("WEB-INF/dispatcher.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

1.3 sendRedirect 重定向

重定向：客户端发送了请求，sevlet处理业务逻辑，servlet会调用sendRediect()方法会把目前资源（servlet，jsp，html，外部站点）作为响应信息返回给客户端，客户端会根据重定向的地址再次向服务器发送请求；
不能访问web-inf目录，浏览器地址的地址会变化；
原地址响应码为302 响应头location为跳转的新地址；
外部站点必须加上http或者https才能访问；
和requestdispatcher相比 sendredirect的性能效率不如requestdispatcher

代码：

package net.lizheng.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name = "sendRedirect",value = "/SendRedirecr")
public class SendRedirecr extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.sendRedirect("https://mp.csdn.net/");
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2 Session和Cookie

2.1 基础知识

无状态协议：http是无状态协议，客户端和服务端交换数据结束，客户端和服务端就会断开连接，再次请求需要重新建立连接，这就意味着http不能记录http的状态。
会话跟踪：会话是用户登录网站后的一系列的操作，例如登录视频网站查看视频，会话跟踪是web程序的一项技术，用来跟踪一个会话，常用的会话跟踪技术是session和cookie；
cookie是客户端记录信息验证身份，session是通过服务器记录信息验证身份；

2.2 Cookie

Cookie的工作原理：Cookie实际上是一小段文本信息，当服务器需要记录客户端请求状态的时候，服务端就会生成一个cookie发送给客户端，客户端会保存并在下一次请求附带这个cookie，服务端会校验cookie从而跟踪整个会话；
cookie的分类
- 会话cookie 不设置有效期生命周期是打开浏览器到关闭浏览器，储存在内存中；
- 持久cookie 设置有效期会把cookie存储在磁盘中；
cooke的常用的值
- name 名字；
- value 值；
- domain 存储cookie的父域或者子域；
- expired/max-age cookie的有效期；
- size cookie的大小；
- path cookie的路径；
- http-only 客户端的cookie不能被客户端的js读取
- secure 服务端只支持https的请求；
cookie的缺陷
- 会增加请求的流量；
- cookie以明文的方式不安全；
- Cookie一般4000多k 不能存储大的数据；
- 浏览器最多能支持50多个cookie 至少能支持20个；
  增加token代码

package net.lizheng.web.cookie;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/AddCookie")
public class AddCookie extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("token", "sdjlksjdlfjlsdjlfasjdkfjskldf");
        cookie.setMaxAge(200);
        cookie.setHttpOnly(true);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

获取token代码

package net.lizheng.web.cookie;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/GetCookie")
public class GetCookie  extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        for (Cookie cookie:cookies){
            System.out.println( "Name是"+cookie.getName());
            System.out.println( "Value是"+cookie.getValue());
            System.out.println( "Secure是"+cookie.getSecure());
            System.out.println("-----------------------");
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 Session

Session的工作原理：Session是记录客户状态的一种机制，Session是保存在服务端的，Session依赖Cookie，用户请求服务器会建立一个map结构的key-value的键值对（SessionId和Session），并把Sessionid（cookie）响应给客户端并保存，下次请求就会把SessionI携带过去，服务器收到SessionID就会检索从而达到记录客户状态；
Session有时效性，可以随着请求更改session的状态；
登录举例
登录JAVA代码

package net.lizheng.web.seession;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/Login")
public class Login extends HttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username =req.getParameter("username");
        String password =req.getParameter("password");

        if (username.equals("xiaozeng")&&password.equals("123456")){
            Userdemo userdemo=new Userdemo();
            userdemo.setName(username);
            userdemo.setAge(23);
            userdemo.setMsg("今天不学习明天变垃圾");
            HttpSession session = req.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("loginInfo",userdemo);
            req.getRequestDispatcher("WEB-INF//userinfo.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        }else {

            HttpSession session = req.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("errmsg","账号密码错误");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        }
        //seeion的常用方法
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getId());
        System.out.println(session.getCreationTime());
        System.out.println(session.isNew());
    }
}

退出JAVA代码

package net.lizheng.web.seession;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/Logout")
public class Logout extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //session失效
        req.getSession().invalidate();
        req.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

javabean代码

package net.lizheng.web.seession;

public class Userdemo {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String msg;

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }


}

登录页面信息

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2022/12/8
  Time: 10:06
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/testdemo/Login" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <br>
    <input type="password" name="password">
    <br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
<br>
${errmsg}

</body>
</html>

用户信息

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2022/12/8
  Time: 10:30
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
name=${loginInfo.name}
<br>
age=${loginInfo.age}
<br>
msg=${loginInfo.msg}
<br>
<a href="/testdemo/Logout"> 退出 </a>

</body>
</html>

3 Filter和Listener

3.1Filter

Filter是过滤器，会过滤servlet容器传给web资源的request对象和repone对象，进行检索和修改
Filter的作用：
- 动态的拦截请求和响应，进行修改和使用请求和响应的信息；
- 拦截请求是在进入web资源之前拦截；
- 拦截响应会在响应客户端之前拦截；
Filter的生命周期(有三个方法):
- init()方法，只会启动一次，用于初始化；
- doFilter(HttpServletRuquest ruq，HttpServletRpone req ，FilterChain chain) 只要满足条件就会触发，只要根据条件决定是否放行（doChain()方法）；
- destroy 容器销毁的时候执行一次
@WebFilter注解:

方法	描述
servletName	以servletname为条件进行筛选 servletName等价于webServlet的Name
urlPatterns	路径为筛选条件等价于webServlet的urlPatterns
value	和urlPatterns一样两者不可一起使用，urlPatterns定义多个路径，value只能定义一个路径
filterName	定义过滤器的名字
displayName	过滤器的显示名字
dispatcherType	过滤器筛选的范围
initparam	初始化的参数
asyncSupported	是否支持异步
decription	Filter的描述信息

dispatcherType的筛选范围
- REQUEST 默认值监控所有的请求；
- FORWARD 筛选forward方法的请求；
- INCLUDE 筛选include方法的请求；
- ERROR 错误资源的请求；
- ASNYC 筛选异步请求；
FilterConfig的三个方法

public interface FilterConfig {
	//Filter的姓名
    String getFilterName();
	//获取ServletContext 对象
    ServletContext getServletContext();
	获取注解中初始化的参数
	
    String getInitParameter(String var1);

    Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames();
}

3.2 Listener

监听器是实现了特定接口的特殊类，用于监听对象创建和销毁以及对象的属性和对象方法的执行。
作用监听域对象request/session/application：
- ServletRquestListener
- HttpSessionListener
- ServletContextListener
实现方法：
- 创建一个普通类并实现接口；
- 重写监听接口的方法；
- 旧版Listener配置是在web.xml文件，新版是使用元注解；

3.2.1 SevletContextListener

监听 ServletContext 对象的生命周期，实际上就是监听 Web 应用的生命周期。
例如：监听SevletContext的初始化参数：
1.配置初始化参数

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>namelistener</param-name>
        <param-value>我是全局监听</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>age</param-name>
        <param-value>web项目关闭自动销毁</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

配置类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>namelistener</param-name>
        <param-value>我是全局监听</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>age</param-name>
        <param-value>web项目关闭自动销毁</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

建立监听类

package net.lizheng.web.Listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

@WebListener
public class ServetAll implements ServletContextListener{


    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("contextInitialized");
        ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
        Config config=new Config();
        String name=servletContext.getInitParameter("namelistener");
        String age =servletContext.getInitParameter(("age"));
        config.setNamelistener(name);
        config.setAge(age);
        System.out.println(config.getNamelistener());
        System.out.println(config.getAge());
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("contextDestroyed");
    }
}

启动web项目
在这里插入图片描述

3.2.2 HttpSession

监控整个session域对象。
例如：统计用户在线人数量
初始化全局变量

//设置session初始值
servletContext.setAttribute("onlineCount",0);

配置监听类

package net.lizheng.web.Listener.HttpSession;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

@WebListener
public class SessionCount implements HttpSessionListener {

    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        HttpSession session = se.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer)servletContext.getAttribute("onlineCount");
        servletContext.setAttribute("onlineCount",++onlineCount);
    }
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        HttpSession session = se.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer)servletContext.getAttribute("onlineCount");
        servletContext.setAttribute("onlineCount",--onlineCount);
    }
}

查看人数的jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2023/2/17
  Time: 10:42
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>在线人数通知</title>
</head>
<body>
目前在线人数是${applicationScope.onlineCount}
</body>
</html>

退出的jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2023/2/17
  Time: 10:44
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
request.getSession().invalidate();
%>
目前人数是${applicationScope.onlineCount}
</body>
</html>

3.2.3 ServletRquestListener

监听域对象request。
例如：监听接口的访问量：
设置全局变量

servletContext.setAttribute("requestCount",0);

监听类

package net.lizheng.web.Listener.Ruquest;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

@WebListener
public class RequestCount implements ServletRequestListener {
    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        ServletContext servletContext = sre.getServletContext();
        Integer requestCount = (Integer)servletContext.getAttribute("requestCount");
        servletContext.setAttribute("requestCount",++requestCount);
    }
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
        System.out.println("requestDestroyed");

    }
}

查看通知量的jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 14408
  Date: 2023/2/17
  Time: 11:35
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>请求量</title>
</head>
<body>
接口请求量统计${applicationScope.requestCount}



</body>
</html>