android 低功耗蓝牙,Android 低功耗（BLE）蓝牙开发说明

BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy)低功耗蓝牙兴起的原因

BLE蓝牙的兴起主要是因为可穿戴设备的流行，由于传统蓝牙不能满足可穿戴设备的续航要求，因此大部分可穿戴设备采用蓝牙4.0技术，即BLE蓝牙技术。

BLE的特点

快速搜索、快速连接、超低功耗连接和数据传输,但是数据传输速率低。

在Android开发中，BLE蓝牙一包数据最多20个字节，因此在Android系统下最好不要使用BLE蓝牙传输大量的数据

BLE蓝牙开发流程

1、申请蓝牙权限

注意：在Android6.0以上需要打开位置，不然搜索不到蓝牙设备

2、获取蓝牙适配器，判断本地蓝牙是否可用，打开蓝牙

/*获取蓝牙适配器*/

mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) context.getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

mBluetoothAdapter =mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();

/*** 判断蓝牙是否可用*/

public boolean isBlueAdapterEnable() {

return mBluetoothAdapter !=null &&mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled();

}

如果本地蓝牙未打开，调用已下代码打开本地蓝牙

/* 打开蓝牙适配器*/

Intent intent =new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

context.startActivityForResult(intent, 0);

3、建立BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCall类的对象

BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback scanCallback =new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback(){

@Override

public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {

//TODO处理搜索到的蓝牙设备逻辑

}

};

4、搜索蓝牙设备

mBluetoothAdapter .startLeScan(scanCallback);

5、停止搜索蓝牙设备

mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(scanCallback)；

6、建立BluetoothGattCallBack类对象

private BluetoothGattCallbackgattCallback =new BluetoothGattCallback() {

/* 断开或连接 状态发生变化时调用* */

@Override

public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {

super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState);

//连接成功

if (newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED) {

Log.i(TAG, "连接成功");

gatt.discoverServices();

}else {

Log.i(TAG, "连接失败");

connected=false;

}

}

/* 发现设备(真正建立连接)*/

@Override

public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {

super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status);

//直到这里才是真正建立了可通信的连接

connected=ture;

//获取初始化服务和特征值

mBluetoothGatt = gatt;

initServiceAndChara(mBluetoothGatt);

//订阅通知

mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(mBluetoothGatt.getService(NotifyUUID).getCharacteristic(NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR), true);

}

/* 读操作的回调*/

@Override

public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {

super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status);

Log.e(TAG, "onCharacteristicRead()");

}

/* 写操作的回调*/

@Override

public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {

super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status);

Log.e(TAG, "onCharacteristicWrite()  status=" + status +",value=" + HexUtil.encodeHexStr(characteristic.getValue()));

}

/ * 接收到硬件返回的数据 */

@Override

public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic);

Log.e(TAG,"onCharacteristicChanged()"+characteristic.getValue());

}

};

/*初始化mBlueGatt的服务和特征*/

private void initServiceAndChara(BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt) {

List bluetoothGattServices = mBluetoothGatt.getServices();

for (BluetoothGattService bluetoothGattService : bluetoothGattServices) {

List characteristics = bluetoothGattService.getCharacteristics();

for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristics) {

int charaProp = characteristic.getProperties();

if ((charaProp & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) >0) {

NotifyUUID = bluetoothGattService.getUuid();

NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR = characteristic.getUuid();

}

if ((charaProp & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE) >0) {

bleWriteGattCharacteristic = characteristic;

}

if ((charaProp & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ)>0){

bleReadGattCharacteristic=characteristic;

}

Log.i("NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR", "NotifyUUID:" +NotifyUUID +",NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR" +NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR);

}

}

}

7、读取蓝牙数据

public void readBleDeviceData(){

if (connected &&mBluetoothGatt!=null){

mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(bleReadGattCharacteristic);

}

}

8、向蓝牙设备发送数据

bleWriteGattCharacteristic.setValue(byte[] bytes);

mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bleWriteGattCharacteristic);

9、断开蓝牙设备连接

mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();