linux如何列出所有命令,Linux命令列出所有可用的命令和别名

Alternatively, you can get a convenient list of commands coupled with quick descriptions (as long as the command has a man page, which most do):

apropos -s 1 ''

-s 1 returns only "section 1" manpages which are entries for executable programs.

'' is a search for anything. (If you use an asterisk, on my system, bash throws in a search for all the files and folders in your current working directory.)

Then you just grep it like you want.

apropos -s 1 '' | grep xdg

yields:

xdg-desktop-icon (1) - command line tool for (un)installing icons to the desktop

xdg-desktop-menu (1) - command line tool for (un)installing desktop menu items

xdg-email (1) - command line tool for sending mail using the user's preferred e-mail composer

xdg-icon-resource (1) - command line tool for (un)installing icon resources

xdg-mime (1) - command line tool for querying information about file type handling and adding descriptions for new file types

xdg-open (1) - opens a file or URL in the user's preferred application

xdg-screensaver (1) - command line tool for controlling the screensaver

xdg-settings (1) - get various settings from the desktop environment

xdg-user-dir (1) - Find an XDG user dir

xdg-user-dirs-update (1) - Update XDG user dir configuration

The results don't appear to be sorted, so if you're looking for a long list, you can throw a | sort | into the middle, and then pipe that to a pager like less/more/most. ala:

apropos -s 1 '' | sort | grep zip | less

Which returns a sorted list of all commands that have "zip" in their name or their short description, and pumps that the "less" pager. (You could also replace "less" with $PAGER and use the default pager.)