linux对gcc编译结果影响,调试符号如何影响GCC编译的Linux可执行文件的性能？

调试符号位于与代码/数据部分完全不同的部分。您可以使用objdump检查它：

$ objdump -h a.out

a.out: file format elf64-x86-64

Sections:

Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn

0 .interp 0000001c 0000000000400200 0000000000400200 00000200 2**0

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

1 .note.ABI-tag 00000020 000000000040021c 000000000040021c 0000021c 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

2 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024 000000000040023c 000000000040023c 0000023c 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

3 .hash 00000018 0000000000400260 0000000000400260 00000260 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

4 .gnu.hash 0000001c 0000000000400278 0000000000400278 00000278 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

5 .dynsym 00000048 0000000000400298 0000000000400298 00000298 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

6 .dynstr 00000038 00000000004002e0 00000000004002e0 000002e0 2**0

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

7 .gnu.version 00000006 0000000000400318 0000000000400318 00000318 2**1

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

8 .gnu.version_r 00000020 0000000000400320 0000000000400320 00000320 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

9 .rela.dyn 00000018 0000000000400340 0000000000400340 00000340 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

10 .rela.plt 00000018 0000000000400358 0000000000400358 00000358 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

11 .init 00000018 0000000000400370 0000000000400370 00000370 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

12 .plt 00000020 0000000000400388 0000000000400388 00000388 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

13 .text 000001c8 00000000004003b0 00000000004003b0 000003b0 2**4

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

14 .fini 0000000e 0000000000400578 0000000000400578 00000578 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

15 .rodata 00000004 0000000000400588 0000000000400588 00000588 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

16 .eh_frame_hdr 00000024 000000000040058c 000000000040058c 0000058c 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

17 .eh_frame 0000007c 00000000004005b0 00000000004005b0 000005b0 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

18 .ctors 00000010 0000000000600630 0000000000600630 00000630 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

19 .dtors 00000010 0000000000600640 0000000000600640 00000640 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

20 .jcr 00000008 0000000000600650 0000000000600650 00000650 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

21 .dynamic 000001a0 0000000000600658 0000000000600658 00000658 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

22 .got 00000008 00000000006007f8 00000000006007f8 000007f8 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

23 .got.plt 00000020 0000000000600800 0000000000600800 00000800 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

24 .data 00000010 0000000000600820 0000000000600820 00000820 2**3

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

25 .bss 00000010 0000000000600830 0000000000600830 00000830 2**3

ALLOC

26 .comment 00000039 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000830 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY

27 .debug_aranges 00000030 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000869 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

28 .debug_pubnames 0000001b 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000899 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

29 .debug_info 00000055 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000008b4 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

30 .debug_abbrev 00000034 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000909 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

31 .debug_line 0000003b 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000093d 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

32 .debug_str 00000026 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000978 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

33 .debug_loc 0000004c 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000099e 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING

您可以看到额外的部分(27到33)。这些部分将不会在运行时加载，所以不会有任何性能损失。使用gdb，您也可以在运行时检查它们

$ gdb ./a.out

(gdb) break main

(gdb) run

(gdb) info files

// blah blah ....

Local exec file:

`/home/kghost/a.out', file type elf64-x86-64.

Entry point: 0x4003b0

0x0000000000400200 - 0x000000000040021c is .interp

0x000000000040021c - 0x000000000040023c is .note.ABI-tag

0x000000000040023c - 0x0000000000400260 is .note.gnu.build-id

0x0000000000400260 - 0x0000000000400278 is .hash

0x0000000000400278 - 0x0000000000400294 is .gnu.hash

0x0000000000400298 - 0x00000000004002e0 is .dynsym

0x00000000004002e0 - 0x0000000000400318 is .dynstr

0x0000000000400318 - 0x000000000040031e is .gnu.version

0x0000000000400320 - 0x0000000000400340 is .gnu.version_r

0x0000000000400340 - 0x0000000000400358 is .rela.dyn

0x0000000000400358 - 0x0000000000400370 is .rela.plt

0x0000000000400370 - 0x0000000000400388 is .init

0x0000000000400388 - 0x00000000004003a8 is .plt

0x00000000004003b0 - 0x0000000000400578 is .text

0x0000000000400578 - 0x0000000000400586 is .fini

0x0000000000400588 - 0x000000000040058c is .rodata

0x000000000040058c - 0x00000000004005b0 is .eh_frame_hdr

0x00000000004005b0 - 0x000000000040062c is .eh_frame

0x0000000000600630 - 0x0000000000600640 is .ctors

0x0000000000600640 - 0x0000000000600650 is .dtors

0x0000000000600650 - 0x0000000000600658 is .jcr

0x0000000000600658 - 0x00000000006007f8 is .dynamic

0x00000000006007f8 - 0x0000000000600800 is .got

0x0000000000600800 - 0x0000000000600820 is .got.plt

0x0000000000600820 - 0x0000000000600830 is .data

0x0000000000600830 - 0x0000000000600840 is .bss

// blah blah ....

所以唯一的处罚是你需要额外的磁盘空间来存储这些信息。您还可以使用strip来删除调试信息：

$ strip a.out

使用objdump再次检查，你会看到差异。