linux getopt命令,shell脚本之getopt命令

getopt

分析传递到脚本命令行的最前有力的工具，该命令与getopt外部命令和C语言中的getopt的作用是相同的，能

分配多个参数草脚本中。

使用两个隐含的变量，$OPTIND(OPTion INDex)即参数指针和选项索引 ，$OPTARG(OPTion ARGument)选项

参数，

在声明标签中，选项名后面的冒号用来提示这个选项名已经分配了一个参数。

使用注意事项：

通过命令行传递到脚本中的参数前边必须加上一个dash(-)符号，只有这样，getopt才会认为这个参数是一个选项

getopt命令不处理不带dash符号的参数。

#!/bin/bash

#ex33.sh:Exercising getopts and OPTIND

#

#Here wo  observe how 'getopt' processes command-line arguments to script.

#The argument are parsed as "options"(flags) and associated arguments.

#Try invoking this scripts with:

#    'scriptname -mn'

#    'scriptname -oq qOption'(qOption canbe some arbitrary string.)

#    'scriptname -qXXX -r'

#

#    'scriptname -qr'

#+        -Unexpected result,takes "r" as the argument to option "q"

#    'scriptname -q -r'

#+        -Unexpected result,same as above

#    'scriptname -mnop -mnop'    -Unexpect result

#    (OPTIND is unreliable at stating where an option come from.)

#

#    If an option expects an argument ("flag:"),then it will grab

#+    whatever is next on the command-line.

NO_ARGS=0

E_OPTERROR=65

if [ $# -eq "$NO_ARGS" ]        #script invoked with no command-line args?

then

echo "Usage:`basename $0` options (-mnopqrs)"

exit $E_OPTERROR        #Exit and explain usage.

#Usage:scriptname -options

#Note:dash (-) necessary

fi

while getopts ":mnopq:rs" Option

do

case $Option in

m    ) echo "Scenario #1:option -m- [OPTIND=${OPTIND}]"

;;

n|o    ) echo "Scenario #2:option -$Option- [optind=${OPTIND}]"

;;

p    ) echo "Scenario #3: option -p- [OPTIND=${OPTIND}]"

;;

q    ) echo "Scenario #4: option -q-with argument \"$OPTIND\" [OPTIND=${OPTIND}]"

;;

#    Note that option 'q' must have an associated argument,

#+    otherwise it falls through to the default.

r|s    ) echo "Scenario #5: option -$Option- [OPTIND=${OPTIND}]"

;;

*    ) echo "Unimplemented option chosen."        #Default.

;;

esac

done

shift $(($OPTIND-1))

#Decrements the argument pointer soit points to  next argument.

#$1 now references the first non-option item supplied on the command-line

#+if one exists.

exit $?

#The getopts mechanism allow one to specify: scriptname -mnop -mnop

#+but there is no reliable way to differentiate what came from where

#+by using OPTIND."

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