php python扩展,Python扩展内置类型的实现方法分析

这篇文章主要介绍了Python实现扩展内置类型的方法,结合实例形式分析了Python嵌入内置类型扩展及子类方式扩展的具体实现技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下

本文实例讲述了Python实现扩展内置类型的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

简介

除了实现新的类型的对象方式外，有时我们也可以通过扩展Python内置类型，从而支持其它类型的数据结构，比如为列表增加队列的插入和删除的方法。本文针对此问题，结合实现集合功能的实例，介绍了扩展Python内置类型的两种方法：通过嵌入内置类型来扩展类型和通过子类方式扩展类型。

通过嵌入内置类型扩展

下面例子通过将list对象作为嵌入类型，实现集合对象，并增加了一下运算符重载。这个类知识包装了Python的列表，以及附加的集合运算。

class Set:

def __init__(self, value=[]): # Constructor

self.data = [] # Manages a list

self.concat(value)

def intersect(self, other): # other is any sequence

res = [] # self is the subject

for x in self.data:

if x in other: # Pick common items

res.append(x)

return Set(res) # Return a new Set

def union(self, other): # other is any sequence

res = self.data[:] # Copy of my list

for x in other: # Add items in other

if not x in res:

res.append(x)

return Set(res)

def concat(self, value): # value: list, Set...

for x in value: # Removes duplicates

if not x in self.data:

self.data.append(x)

def __len__(self): return len(self.data) # len(self)

def __getitem__(self, key): return self.data[key] # self[i]

def __and__(self, other): return self.intersect(other) # self & other

def __or__(self, other): return self.union(other) # self | other

def __repr__(self): return 'Set:' + repr(self.data) # print()

if __name__ == '__main__':

x = Set([1, 3, 5, 7])

print(x.union(Set([1, 4, 7]))) # prints Set:[1, 3, 5, 7, 4]

print(x | Set([1, 4, 6])) # prints Set:[1, 3, 5, 7, 4, 6]

通过子类方式扩展类型

从Python2.2开始，所有内置类型都能直接创建子类，如list，str，dict以及tuple。这样可以让你通过用户定义的class语句，定制或扩展内置类型：建立类型名称的子类并对其进行定制。类型的子类型实例，可用在原始的内置类型能够出现的任何地方。

class Set(list):

def __init__(self, value = []): # Constructor

list.__init__([]) # Customizes list

self.concat(value) # Copies mutable defaults

def intersect(self, other): # other is any sequence

res = [] # self is the subject

for x in self:

if x in other: # Pick common items

res.append(x)

return Set(res) # Return a new Set

def union(self, other): # other is any sequence

res = Set(self) # Copy me and my list

res.concat(other)

return res

def concat(self, value): # value: list, Set . . .

for x in value: # Removes duplicates

if not x in self:

self.append(x)

def __and__(self, other): return self.intersect(other)

def __or__(self, other): return self.union(other)

def __repr__(self): return 'Set:' + list.__repr__(self)

if __name__ == '__main__':

x = Set([1,3,5,7])

y = Set([2,1,4,5,6])

print(x, y, len(x))

print(x.intersect(y), y.union(x))

print(x & y, x | y)

x.reverse(); print(x)