Linux系统的安装sdf4,Centos 7.4 服务器配置LVM

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文章标签： Linux系统的安装sdf4

本章Blog相关知识点：

LVM是

Logical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理)的简写，它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，LVM是建立在硬盘和

分区之上的一个逻辑层，来提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性。LVM将若干个磁盘分区连接为一个整块的卷组

(volumegroup)，形成一个存储池。管理员可以在卷组上随意创建逻辑卷组(logicalvolumes)，并进一步在逻辑卷组上创建文件系

统。

与传统的磁盘与分区相比，LVM为计算机提供了更高层次的磁盘存储。它使系统管理员可以更方便的为应用与用户分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的存储卷可以按需要随时改变大小与移除(可能需对文件系统工具进行升级)。 LVM是在磁盘分区和文件系统之间添加的一个逻辑层，来为文件系统屏蔽下层磁盘分区布局，提供一个抽象的盘卷，在盘卷上建立文件系统。

逻辑卷管理概念：

物理卷(physical

volume)——物理卷就是指硬盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备(如RAID)，是LVM的基本存储逻辑块。但和基本的物理存储介质(如分区,磁盘等)比较, 却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。

卷组(Volume

Group)——LVM卷组类似于非LVM系统中的物理硬盘，其由物理卷PV组成。可以在卷组上创建一个或多个"LV分区"(逻辑卷)，VG卷组由一个或多个物理卷PV组成。

逻辑卷(logical

volume)——LVM的逻辑卷类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统(比如/home或者/usr等)。

PE(physical

extent)——每一个物理卷被划分为称为PE(Physical

Extents)的基本单元，具有唯一编号的PE是可以被LVM寻址的最小单元。PE的大小是可配置的，默认为4MB。

LE(logical

extent)——逻辑卷也被划分为被称为LE(Logical Extents) 的可被寻址的基本单位。在同一个卷组中，LE的大小和PE是相同的，并且一一对应。

如下图所示PV、VG、LV三者关系：

thread-449188-1-1.html

设备文件名： /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名或 /dev/mapper/卷组名-逻辑卷名

物理卷管理命令：pv

pvcreate(创建pv), pvremove(移除pv), pvmove(移除卷内数据), pvscan(显示所有的pv卷), pvs(查看pv卷简要信息), pvdisplay (看pv卷详细信息)

卷组管理命令：vg

vgcreate(创建vg), vgremove(移除vg), vgs(查看vg卷简要信息), vgdisplay (查看vg卷详细信息), vgextend(扩展vg卷组), vgreduce(缩减vg卷组), vgrename (改名)

# vgcreate -s PE_size 指定PE的大小 ,默认是4M

逻辑卷的管理命令：lv

lvcreate, lvremove, lvs, lvdisplay , lvextend(扩展lv卷组) , lvreduce(缩减lv卷组)

# lvcreate 创建lv逻辑卷

-n 指定lv名称

-L 逻辑卷大小

-s 创建快照

-p 指定模式

# lvextend 扩展lv大小

-L [+] 5G 扩展[了]到5G

获取以上命令帮助方法： # command -h ，例： #lvcreate -h

配置管理LVM实验(逻辑卷管理)

系统环境：

系统：Centos 7.4 最小化安装

LVM管理工具：lvm2-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64

磁盘分区：挂载/dev/sdb 、/dev/sdc 、/dev/sdd、/dev/sde 、/dev/sdf、 /dev/sdg 共6块磁盘

实验目的：

1、通过LVM管理工具，分别创建pv、vg 和lvm。

2、模拟扩展和缩减LV，模拟扩展或缩减VG

3、创建lv快照

4、卸载LVM，删除LVM

实验步骤：

一、设置磁盘(虚拟机中增加6块10G磁盘)，安装LVM 管理工具。

1、在Vmware 虚拟机中，增加6块磁盘。

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2018-4-19 16:17 上传

2、查看系统版本，验证lvm*管理工具是否安装并查看磁盘信息

[root@study ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

[root@study ~]# rpm -qa |grep lvm*

lvm2-libs-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64

lvm2-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64

[root@study ~]# fdisk -l | grep "^Disk./dev"

Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Disk /dev/sdd: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Disk /dev/sde: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Disk /dev/sdf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Disk /dev/sdg: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Disk /dev/mapper/VG-root: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes, 31457280 sectors

Disk /dev/mapper/VG-home: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

Disk /dev/mapper/VG-var: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

二、对增加的磁盘进行分区并修改分区类型为8e(Linux LVM)，并验证分区结果

[root@study ~]# echo 'n

> p

> 1

> t

> 8e

> w '|fdisk /dev/sdb ## 为/dev/sdb磁盘创建分区1 ，分配分区大小为磁盘总空间。并调整类型为8e(LVM)

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3bb09eb9.

Command (m for help): Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): Using default value 20971519

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list all codes): Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@study ~]... ## 以同样的命令方式对其他5块磁盘进行操作

[root@study ~]# fdisk -l | grep "LVM$" ## 验证磁盘分区结果

/dev/sda3 12584960 251658239 119536640 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdc1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdd1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sde1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdf1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdg1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM

[root@study ~]# reboot ## 内核重读磁盘分区

[root@study ~]# cat /proc/partitions | grep "1$" ##验证内核是否加载了磁盘分区

8 1 2097152 sda1

8 17 10484736 sdb1

8 33 10484736 sdc1

8 49 10484736 sdd1

8 65 10484736 sde1

8 81 10484736 sdf1

8 97 10484736 sdg1

三、创建PV 物理卷

[root@study ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd{b..e}1

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.

Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.

Physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully created.

[root@study ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda3 VG lvm2 a-- <114.00g <69.00g

/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- <10.00g <10.00g

/dev/sdc1 lvm2 --- <10.00g <10.00g

/dev/sdd1 lvm2 --- <10.00g <10.00g

/dev/sde1 lvm2 --- <10.00g <10.00g

[root@study ~]# pvscan

PV /dev/sda3 VG VG lvm2 [<114.00 GiB / <69.00 GiB free]

PV /dev/sdd1 lvm2 [<10.00 GiB]

PV /dev/sde1 lvm2 [<10.00 GiB]

PV /dev/sdc1 lvm2 [<10.00 GiB]

PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [<10.00 GiB]

Total: 5 [153.99 GiB] / in use: 1 [<114.00 GiB] / in no VG: 4 [<40.00 GiB]

[root@study ~]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda3

VG Name VG

PV Size <114.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 29183

Free PE 17663

Allocated PE 11520

PV UUID 2Ksdp4-23Ia-jnvA-BeO4-31O2-chlO-I2CQTc

"/dev/sdd1" is a new physical volume of "<10.00 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdd1

VG Name

PV Size <10.00 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID MjYIgP-smsp-E72x-4eOQ-kQpG-vIAA-axaKXp

...　　说明：#pvcreate /dev/sd{b..g}1 创建pv物理卷；

# pvdisplay | pvs | pvscan 查看pv状态信息

PV Name, 物理卷名；

VG Name, 所属卷组名；

PV Size，物理卷大小；

PV UUID ，PV UUID 号

四、创建myvg 卷组 ,指定PE大小为16M

[root@study ~]# vgcreate /dev/myvg -s 16M /dev/sd{b..e}1

Volume group "myvg" successfully created

[root@study dev]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VG 1 3 0 wz--n- <114.00g <69.00g

myvg 4 0 0 wz--n- <39.94g <39.94g

[root@study dev]# vgscan

Reading volume groups from cache.

Found volume group "VG" using metadata type lvm2

Found volume group "myvg" using metadata type lvm2

[root@study dev]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda3 VG lvm2 a-- <114.00g <69.00g

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

/dev/sdc1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

/dev/sdd1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

/dev/sde1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

[root@study dev]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdb1

VG Name myvg

PV Size <10.00 GiB / not usable 15.00 MiB

Allocatable yes

PE Size 16.00 MiB

Total PE 639

Free PE 639

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID ZbZyCp-MiC8-Nnha-npKK-aVsr-ahTB-CIs2ok

...

[root@study dev]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name myvg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 4

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 4

Act PV 4

VG Size <39.94 GiB

PE Size 16.00 MiB

Total PE 2556

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 2556 / <39.94 GiB

VG UUID hgiXN3-e8Z1-NLL2-tJ2q-hVtD-t2BO-i7uafQ　　说明：#vgcreate myvg -s 16M /dev/sd{b..e}1 创建myvg1卷组，并指定PE大小为16M；

# pvdisplay | pvs | pvscan 查看pv状态信息

PE Size ，PE的大小16M，默认为4MB

Total PE，PE的总数量

Free PE / Size ，空闲PE的数量及大小

# vgdisplay | vgs |vgscan 查看vg状态信息

VG name，VG名字

VG Size ，VG容量

五、创建mylv 逻辑卷并查看pv，vg及lv状态，格式化lv逻辑卷并实现开机挂载

[root@study dev]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

home VG -wi-ao---- 20.00g

root VG -wi-ao---- 15.00g

var VG -wi-ao---- 10.00g

mylv myvg -wi-a----- 20.00g

[root@study dev]# lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/VG/root' [15.00 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/VG/home' [20.00 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/VG/var' [10.00 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/myvg/mylv' [20.00 GiB] inherit

[root@study dev]# lvdisplay

...

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/myvg/mylv

LV Name mylv

VG Name myvg

LV UUID 7aaK0H-sUpW-KYBL-awJl-1Jr9-Sewp-trSQi0

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time study.itwish.cn, 2018-02-04 16:33:22 +0800

LV Status available

# open 0

LV Size 20.00 GiB

Current LE 1280

Segments 3

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 8192

Block device 253:3

[root@study dev]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda3 VG lvm2 a-- <114.00g <69.00g

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 0

/dev/sdc1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 0

/dev/sdd1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.95g

/dev/sde1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

[root@study dev]# pvscan

PV /dev/sda3 VG VG lvm2 [<114.00 GiB / <69.00 GiB free]

PV /dev/sdb1 VG myvg lvm2 [9.98 GiB / 0 free]

PV /dev/sdc1 VG myvg lvm2 [9.98 GiB / 0 free]

PV /dev/sdd1 VG myvg lvm2 [9.98 GiB / 9.95 GiB free]

PV /dev/sde1 VG myvg lvm2 [9.98 GiB / 9.98 GiB free]

Total: 5 [153.93 GiB] / in use: 5 [153.93 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

[root@study dev]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VG 1 3 0 wz--n- <114.00g <69.00g

myvg 4 1 0 wz--n- <39.94g <19.94g

[root@study dev]# vgscan

Reading volume groups from cache.

Found volume group "VG" using metadata type lvm2

Found volume group "myvg" using metadata type lvm2

[root@study dev]# vgdisplay

...

--- Volume group ---

VG Name myvg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 4

Metadata Sequence No 2

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 4

Act PV 4

VG Size <39.94 GiB

PE Size 16.00 MiB

Total PE 2556

Alloc PE / Size 1280 / 20.00 GiB

Free PE / Size 1276 / <19.94 GiB

VG UUID hgiXN3-e8Z1-NLL2-tJ2q-hVtD-t2BO-i7uafQ

[root@study dev]# ls /dev/mapper/

control myvg-mylv VG-home VG-root VG-var

[root@study dev]# ls /dev/myvg/

mylv

[root@study dev]# mke2fs -t ext4 -m 2 -L mylvdata /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ##创建文件系统

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=mylvdata

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks

104857 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@study dev]# mount /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv /mylv/ ##挂载

[root@study dev]# ls /mylv/

lost+found

[root@study dev]# mount | grep "^/dev"

/dev/mapper/VG-root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

/dev/mapper/VG-home on /home type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

/dev/mapper/VG-var on /var type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv on /mylv type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

[root@study dev]# df -h | grep "^/dev"

/dev/mapper/VG-root 15G 1.2G 13G 9% /

/dev/sda1 2.0G 116M 1.7G 7% /boot

/dev/mapper/VG-home 20G 45M 19G 1% /home

/dev/mapper/VG-var 9.8G 200M 9.1G 3% /var

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 20G 45M 20G 1% /mylv

[root@study dev]# vi /etc/fstab ## 配置开机自动挂载

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Sun Jan 28 12:27:18 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

/dev/mapper/VG-root / ext4 defaults 1 1

UUID=085b953d-5803-45df-b9d9-dc0ff7f92a3d /boot ext4 defa

ults 1 2

/dev/mapper/VG-home /home ext4 defaults 1 2

/dev/mapper/VG-var /var ext4 defaults 1 2

UUID=4169cca6-5a09-46fe-a2a7-64eba563b00a swap swap defa

ults 0 0

/dev/myvg/mylv /mylv ext4 defaults 0 2　　说明：#lvcreate -n mylv -L 20G myvg 从myvg 卷组中分配20G并创建mylv逻辑卷；-n 指定LVM名字，-L 分配容量大小

# lvdisplay | lvs | lvscan 查看lv状态信息

LV Path ，LV的路径

LV Name， LV的名字VG Name所属的VG

LV Size ， LV的大小

六、扩展或缩减mylv 逻辑卷

LVM最大的优势是可以对磁盘进行动态管理，而且不会丢失现有的数据。

1、扩展LVM的思路：

先确定扩展的大小，并确保所属的卷组有足够的剩余空间

扩展物理边界，

卸载逻辑卷umount ；

通过命令e2fsck检查lv逻辑卷；

# lvextend -L 【+】Size /path/to/lv_device

扩展逻辑边界

# resize2fs /path/to/lv_device Size[root@study ~]# cp -af /boot/ /mylv/

[root@study ~]# ls /mylv/

boot lost+found

[root@study ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

...

mylv myvg -wi-a----- 20.00g

[root@study ~]# df -lh

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 20G 154M 19G 1% /mylv

...

[root@study ~]# vgs ##确保剩余空间，扩展的大小必须小于卷组剩余空间大小，myvg剩余vg大小为19.94G

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VG 1 3 0 wz--n- <114.00g <69.00g

myvg 4 1 0 wz--n- <39.94g <19.94g

[root@study ~]# umount /mylv/ ##卸载磁盘分区/mylv/

[root@study ~]# e2fsck -fy /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ##检查并修复磁盘

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summary information

mylvdata: 338/1310720 files (0.3% non-contiguous), 154377/5242880 blocks

[root@study ~]# lvextend -L +5G /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ##为LV逻辑卷扩展增加5G空间

Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 20.00 GiB (1280 extents) to 25.00 GiB (1600 extents).

Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.

[root@study ~]# lvs ##lv卷增加到25G空间

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

...

mylv myvg -wi-ao---- 25.00g

[root@study ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ##为/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv扩展逻辑边界

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv is mounted on /mylv; on-line resizing required

old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv is now 6553600 blocks long.

[root@study ~]# df -lh ##查看磁盘大小

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

...

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 25G 154M 24G 1% /mylv

[root@study ~]# ls /mylv/ ##确认磁盘数据存在

boot lost+found　　2、缩减LVM思路：

卸载逻辑卷umount ；

通过命令e2fsck检查lv逻辑卷；

缩减LVM逻辑卷逻辑边界(确保缩减后的空间大小依然能存储原有的所有数据)；

# resize2fs /path/to/lv_device Size

缩减物理边界

# lvreduce -L

[-] size /path/to/lv_devcie

重新挂载[root@study ~]# lvs ##确认lv卷空间大小

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

...

mylv myvg -wi-ao---- 25.00g

[root@study ~]# df -lh ##查看磁盘大小

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

...

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 25G 154M 24G 1% /mylv

[root@study ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv

[root@study ~]# e2fsck -fy /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summary information

mylvdata: 338/1638400 files (0.3% non-contiguous), 174937/6553600 blocks

[root@study ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 15G ##缩减逻辑边界空间大小为15G

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv to 3932160 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv is now 3932160 blocks long.

[root@study ~]# lvreduce -L 15G /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ##缩减lv卷大小为15G

WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 15.00 GiB.

THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)

Do you really want to reduce myvg/mylv? [y/n]: y

Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 25.00 GiB (1600 extents) to 15.00 GiB (960 extents).

Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.

[root@study ~]# mount /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv /mylv/

[root@study ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

...

/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 15G 150M 15G 2% /mylv

[root@study ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

...

mylv myvg -wi-ao---- 15.00g　　说明：# e2fsck -fy /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 强制检查文件系统； -f 强制

#lvreduce -L 15G /dev/myvg-mylv 分配到mylv逻辑卷大小为5G； -L 分配容量大小

# lvextend -L +5G /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 扩展5G容量分配到mylv1逻辑卷； -L 分配容量大小 +5G 扩展5G

# resize2fs /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 扩展文件系统与逻辑卷大小一致

# resize2fs /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 15G 缩减逻辑边界空间大小为15G

七、扩展或缩减myvg 卷组

1、扩展vg卷组思路

准备要添加的物理卷

添加物理卷至卷组中

# vgextend vg_name /path/to/pv_devcie[root@study ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd{f,g}1

Physical volume "/dev/sdf1" successfully created.

Physical volume "/dev/sdg1" successfully created.

[root@study ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VG 1 3 0 wz--n- <114.00g <69.00g

myvg 4 1 0 wz--n- <39.94g <24.94g

[root@study ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sd{g,f}1 ##扩展2个磁盘分区到myvg卷组

Volume group "myvg" successfully extended

[root@study ~]# vgs ## 卷组大小增加20G空间

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VG 1 3 0 wz--n- <114.00g <69.00g

myvg 6 1 0 wz--n- <59.91g <44.91g　　2、缩减vg卷组思路

去顶要移除的物理卷的总空间大小，要小于vg当前的空闲空间大小

将要移除的物理卷上的数据移动至其他PV

# pvmove /path/to/pv_device

缩减vg

# vgreduce vg_name /path/to/pv_device[root@study ~]# vgs ##磁盘卷组空闲free空间为44.91G

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VG 1 3 0 wz--n- <114.00g <69.00g

myvg 6 1 0 wz--n- <59.91g <44.91g

[root@study ~]# pvs ## 确认分区/dev/sdb1 和分区/dev/sdc1分区被使用，存有数据

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda3 VG lvm2 a-- <114.00g <69.00g

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 0

/dev/sdc1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g <4.97g

/dev/sdd1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

/dev/sde1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

/dev/sdf1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

/dev/sdg1 myvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g

[root@study ~]# pvmove /dev/sdf1 ##转移数据

No data to move for myvg

[root@study ~]# pvmove /dev/sdg1

No data to move for myvg

[root@study ~]# vgreduce myvg /dev/sd{f,g}1 ##缩减vg卷组，删除分区/dev/sdf1 和分区/dev/sdg1

Removed "/dev/sdg1" from volume group "myvg"

Removed "/dev/sdf1" from volume group "myvg"

[root@study ~]# pvremove /dev/sd{g,f}1 ##删除pv卷

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdg1" successfully wiped.

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdf1" successfully wiped.

说明：#vgextend myvg /dev/sd{f,g}1 扩展分区/dev/sdf1和分区/dev/sdg1到vg卷组

#pvmove /dev/sdg1 将分区/dev/sdg1中的数据转移到其他分区

# vgreduce myvg /dev/sd{f,g}1 在myvg卷组中缩减删除pv分区/dev/sdg1，/dev/sdf1

# pvremove /dev/sd{g，f}1 删除pv卷

八、创建LVM快照卷，完成数据备份及还原

1、实现思路

创建快照

# lvcreate -s -L size -n Name -p r /path/to/original_lv_device

挂载

# mount /dev/mapper/myvg_name /media 例 # mount /dev/mapper/myvg-test--snap /media/

把挂载数据备份

tar -zcf /root/media.tar.gz /media/*

卸载快照卷，移除快照卷

lvremove /dev/myvg/test-snap

模拟删除lv数据，通过快照数据进行还原[root@study ~]# lvcreate -s -L 10G -n mylvspare -p r /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv

Using default stripesize 64.00 KiB.

Logical volume "mylvspare" created.

[root@study ~]# mount /dev/mapper/myvg-mylvspare /media/

mount: /dev/mapper/myvg-mylvspare is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@study ~]# ls /media/

boot lost+found

[root@study ~]# tar -zcf /root/spare.tar.gz /media/*

tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

[root@study ~]# ls -lh

total 102M

-rw-------. 1 root root 1.8K Jan 28 12:33 anaconda-ks.cfg

drwxrwxr-x. 2 root root 36K Sep 5 21:38 Packages

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 102M Feb 4 18:11 spare.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# umount /dev/mapper/myvg-mylvspare

[root@study ~]# lvremove /dev/mapper/myvg-mylvspare

Do you really want to remove active logical volume myvg/mylvspare? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "mylvspare" successfully removed

[root@study ~]# rm -rf /mylv/boot/ ##模拟删除LV卷中数据，通过备份的快照数据进行还原

[root@study mylv]# cd /root/

[root@study ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg Packages spare.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# tar -zxf spare.tar.gz

[root@study ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg media Packages spare.tar.gz

[root@study mylv]# cp -af /root/media/* /mylv/

[root@study mylv]# ls ## 通过快照数据进行数据还原

config-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

efi

grub

grub2

initramfs-0-rescue-aa42d80ce1774acf8f5de007d85e5ef1.img

initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img

initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64kdump.img

initrd-plymouth.img

lost+found

mylv

symvers-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.gz

System.map-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

vmlinuz-0-rescue-aa42d80ce1774acf8f5de007d85e5ef1

vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

九、卸载删除lVM

[root@study media]# umount /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv

[root@study media]# lvremove /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv

Do you really want to remove active logical volume myvg/mylv? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "mylv" successfully removed

[root@study media]# vgremove myvg

Volume group "myvg" successfully removed

[root@study media]# pvremove /dev/sd{b..e}1

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped.

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully wiped.

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully wiped.　　至此，整体部署配置LVM实验完成。

TTTTTTT-ll

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