java中设置字段为必填_java – 最佳实践 – 在单元测试中设置不带setter的字段

假设您要测试以下课程：

public class SomeService {

public String someMethod(SomeEntity someEntity) {

return someEntity.getSomeProperty();

}

}

SomeEntity看起来像这样：

public class SomeEntity {

private String someProperty;

public getSomeProperty() {

return this.someProperty;

}

}

您想要做的断言可能如下：

String result = someService.someMethod(someEntity);

assertThat(result).isEqualTo("someValue");

你怎么能让这个测试工作？

1)在SomeEntity类中为’someProperty’添加一个setter.我不认为这是一个很好的解决方案,因为您不会更改生产代码以使测试工作.

2)使用ReflectionUtils设置此字段的值.测试看起来像这样：

public class TestClass {

private SomeService someService;

@Test

public void testSomeProperty() {

SomeEntity someEntity = new SomeEntity();

ReflectionTestUtils.setField(someEntity,"someProperty","someValue");

String result = someService.someMethod(someEntity);

assertThat(result).isEqualTo("someValue");

}

}

3)在测试类中创建一个扩展SomeEntity类的内部类,并为该字段添加setter.但是,要实现此功能,您还需要更改SomeEntity类,因为该字段应该变为“受保护”而不是“私有”.测试类可能如下所示：

public class TestClass {

private SomeService someService;

@Test

public void testSomeProperty() {

SomeEntityWithSetters someEntity = new SomeEntityTestWithSetters();

someEntity.setSomeProperty("someValue");

String result = someService.someMethod(someEntity);

assertThat(result).isEqualTo("someValue");

}

public class SomeEntityWithSetters extends SomeEntity {

public setSomeProperty(String someProperty) {

this.someProperty = someProperty;

}

}

}

4)你使用Mockito来模拟SomeEntity.如果您只需要在类中仅模拟一个属性,那么似乎很好,但如果您需要像10个属性那样进行模拟,那该怎么办呢.测试可能如下所示：

public class TestClass {

private SomeService someService;

@Test

public void testSomeProperty() {

SomeEntity someEntity = mock(SomeEntity.class);

when(someEntity.getSomeProperty()).thenReturn("someValue");

String result = someService.someMethod(someEntity);

assertThat(result).isEqualTo("someValue");

}

}