c语言编程multiplies,C ++中的运算符

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文章标签： c语言编程multiplies

C ++中的运算符

运算符是一个符号，告诉编译器执行特定的数学或逻辑操作。 C ++包含丰富的内置运算符，并提供以下类型的运算符-

算术运算符

关系运算符

逻辑运算符

按位运算符

赋值运算符

杂项运算符

本章将逐一研究算术，关系，逻辑，按位，赋值和其他运算符。

算术运算符

C ++语言支持以下算术运算运算符-

假设变量A持有10，变量B持有20，则-

Operator

Description

Example

Adds two operands

A + B will give 30

–

Subtracts second operand from the first

A – B will give -10

Multiplies both operands

A * B will give 200

Divides numerator by de-numerator

B / A will give 2

Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division

B % A will give 0

Increment operator, increases integer value by one

A++ will give 11

—

Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one

A– will give 9

关系运算符

C ++语言支持以下关系运算符

假设变量A持有10，变量B持有20，则-

Operator

Description

Example

Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A == B) is not true.

Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.

(A != B) is true.

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A > B) is not true.

Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A < B) is true.

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A >= B) is not true.

Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A <= B) is true.

逻辑运算符

C ++语言支持以下逻辑运算符。

假设变量A保持1，变量B保持0，则-

Operator

Description

Example

Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then condition becomes true.

(A && B) is false.

Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition becomes true.

(A || B) is true.

Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.

!(A && B) is true.

按位运算符

按位运算符对位进行运算并执行逐位操作。＆，|和^的真值表如下-

p & q

p | q

p ^ q

假设A = 60;和B = 13;现在以二进制格式，它们将如下所示-

A = 0011 1100

B = 0000 1101

—————–

A＆B = 0000 1100

A | B = 0011 1101

A ^ B = 0011 0001

〜A = 1100 0011

下表列出了C ++语言支持的按位运算符。假设变量A保持60，变量B保持13，则-

Operator

Description

Example

Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100

Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.

(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101

Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.

(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001

Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.

(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.

Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000

Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

赋值运算符

C ++语言支持以下赋值运算符-

Operator

Description

Example

Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.

C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C

Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.

C += A is equivalent to C = C + A

Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.

C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A

Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.

C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A

Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.

C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A

Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.

C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A

<<=

Left shift AND assignment operator.

C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2

>>=

Right shift AND assignment operator.

C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2

Bitwise AND assignment operator.

C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2

Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.

C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2

Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.

C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

杂项运算符

下表列出了C ++支持的其他一些运算符。

Sr.No

Operator & Description

sizeof

sizeof operator returns the size of a variable. For example, sizeof(a), where ‘a’ is integer, and will return 4.

Condition ? X : Y

Conditional operator (?). If Condition is true then it returns value of X otherwise returns value of Y.

Comma operator causes a sequence of operations to be performed. The value of the entire comma expression is the value of the last expression of the comma-separated list.

. (dot) and -> (arrow)

Member operators are used to reference individual members of classes, structures, and unions.

Cast

Casting operators convert one data type to another. For example, int(2.2000) would return 2.

Pointer operator & returns the address of a variable. For example &a; will give actual address of the variable.

Pointer operator * is pointer to a variable. For example *var; will pointer to a variable var.

C ++中的运算符优先级

运算符优先级确定表达式中术语的分组。这会影响表达式的求值方式。某些运算符具有更高的优先级；例如，乘法运算符的优先级比加法运算符-

例如x = 7 + 3 * 2;在这里，x被赋值为13，而不是20，因为运算符*的优先级比+高，因此它首先与3 * 2相乘，然后加到7。

在此，优先级最高的运算符出现在表格的顶部，优先级最低的运算符出现在表格的底部。在表达式中，优先级较高的运算符将首先被评估。