面试偶尔会问多任务并行相关的问题:
假设现在有10个任务,要求同时处理,并且必须所有任务全部完成才返回结果
这个面试题的难点是:
- 既然要同时处理,那么肯定要用多线程。怎么设计多线程同时处理任务呢?
- 要求返回结果,那么就不能用简单的Thread+Runnable了,这个是无返回结果的
- 最难的是,这些任务彼此间还有关系:任务全部结束才算完成
下面3个Demo,CountDownLatch的结果处理交给大家自行完成。
FutureTask
/**
* @author qiyu
* @date 2020-09-07
*/
public class FutureTaskDemo {
private static final Random random = new Random();
private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(10);
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// 准备10个线程
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
// 收集每个任务的结果
List<Future<Integer>> resultList = new ArrayList<>();
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 并行处理10个任务
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// 准备任务
Callable<Integer> task = () -> {
// 模拟任务耗时 0~4秒
int seconds = random.nextInt(5);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(seconds);
System.out.println("task is completed! cost:" + seconds + "s left: " + count.decrementAndGet());
// 模拟返回结果
return 1;
};
// 提交任务
Future<Integer> partResult = executorService.submit(task);
// 收集结果
resultList.add(partResult);
}
int result = 0;
// 阻塞获取并累加结果
for (Future<Integer> future : resultList) {
result += future.get();
}
// 最终全部任务完成,总耗时取决于最耗时的任务时长
System.out.println("all task is completed! result=" + result + " cost: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms");
}
}
结果展示
task is completed! cost:0s left: 9
task is completed! cost:1s left: 8
task is completed! cost:1s left: 7
task is completed! cost:2s left: 6
task is completed! cost:3s left: 4
task is completed! cost:3s left: 5
task is completed! cost:3s left: 3
task is completed! cost:3s left: 1
task is completed! cost:3s left: 2
task is completed! cost:4s left: 0
all task is completed! result=10 cost: 4110ms
我原先还写过另一个复杂版本:
/**
* @author qiyu
* @date 2020-09-07
*/
public class FutureTaskDemo {
private static final Random random = new Random();
private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(10);
public static void main(String[] a