查看linux数字签名,RPM验证与数字签名(Verify/Signature)

RPM验证：

使用RPM数据库(/var/lib/rpm)的内容来比对目前Linux系统RPM软件文件，查看是否有改动。

简单的用法：

$rpm -Va #验证系统所有RPM包

$rpm -V 已安装的RPM包 #验证指定的RPM包

$rpm -Vf 某个RPM包文件 #验证这个文件

$rpm -Vf /etc/yum.conf

S.5....T. c /etc/yum.conf

$

现在来简单的解释一下验证后的输出，输出一般来说有两部分；

表示文件的9个属性信息

S file Size differs 文件大小是否被改动

M Mode differs(includes permissions and file type) 文件的属性和类型是否被改动

5 MD5 sum differs MD5内容是否被改动

D Device major/minor number mismatch 设备的主/次代码是否被改动

L readLink(2) path mismatch Link路径是否被改动

U User ownership differs 文件的所有人是否被改动

G Group ownership differs 文件的组是否被改动

T mTime differs 文件的修改是否是否被改动

P caPabilities differ

表示文件格式的信息

c %config configuration file 配置文件

d %doc documentation file 文档文件

g %ghost file 通常是该文件不会被某个燃机所包含 较少发生

l %license license file 许可证文件

r %readme readme file 自述文件

RPM数字签名：

这里主要从制作RPM的时候加入数字签名，这里用的是GPG。

这里简单说明一下GPG与PGP不同之处。来自与Fedora_RPM_documentation

GPG and PGP? Acronyms Explained

The RPM documentation uses GPG and PGP pretty much interchangeably, so much so, in fact, that you may think these are typographical errors. Not so.

PGP stands for Pretty Good Privacy. Invented by Phil Zimmerman, PGP was originally invented to encrypt e-mail to allow for private communication. Based on a public-key cryptography algorithm, PGP also supports encrypted digital signatures. These signatures allow you to verify that a package you have downloaded really comes from the vendor you think it does. You do this by using the vendor’s public key.

GPG stands for GNU Privacy Guard, a free, open-source implementation of PGP from the GNU project. GPG aims to be compatible with the OpenPGP Internet standard as defined in RFC 2440. It started when a number of developers wanted a free implementation. One such free implementation, GPG, allows Linux vendors such as Red Hat to include PGP in their products. So, in a sense, GPG provides PGP.

PGP has a long and somewhat troubled history as an open-source product and as a commercial product. See www.philzimmermann.com for background on PGP and its long history. See www.gnupg.org for more details on GPG.

手动生成数字签名可查看官网：https://www.gentoo.org/doc/zh_cn/gnupg-user.xml 两个注意事项

创建数字认证之前要确保gpg-agent在运行，因为需要它穿件一个socket或者pipe用于连接 $gpg-agent --daemon --use-standard-socket

创建数字认证的时候不要用su之后的用户 如果用的话gpg-agent将会失败 gpg-agent fails to launch/usr/bin/pinentry (which in turn decides whether to launchpinentry-curses, or a QT or GTK equivalent).

一旦有了数字认证key，就可以在制作RPM的时候设置相关数字签名宏。添加下面的代码到$HOME/.rpmmacros

%_signature gpg

%_gpg_path /home/xxx/.gnupg

%_gpg_name xxx

%_gpgbin /usr/bin/gpg

这样就可以在制作RPM包的时候加上--sign参数来加上数字签名。

$rpmbuild -ba --sign xxx.spec

也可以对现有的RPM包增加数字签名。

$rpm --addsign package.rpm

也可以对现有的RPM修改数字签名。

$rpm --resign package.rpm

验证一个RPM包的数字签名

$rpm -K -v package.rpm

$rpm -K -vv package.rpm