基于C++的栈的两种实现（数组和链表）

概述

栈是一种只能在表的顶端进行插入和删除运算的线性表，其主要特点是后进先出（LIFO）或先进后出（FILO），该数据结构的示意图如下：

基本操作

函数名	用途
bool empty()	判断栈是否为空
int size();	求栈的长度
int top()	求栈顶元素
void push(int data)	在栈顶插入元素
void pop()	从栈顶弹出元素
void display()	遍历打印栈元素

用数组实现栈

1. 在“Stack_By_Array.h”文件中的代码如下:

class Stack1 {
private:
	int data[10];
	int length;

public:
	Stack1();
	~Stack1();

	bool empty();
	int size();
	int top();
	void push(int value);
	void pop();
	void display();
};

2. 在“Stack_By_Array.cpp”文件中的代码如下:

#include<iostream>
#include"Stack_By_Array.h"

using namespace std;

Stack1::Stack1() {
	length = 0;
}

Stack1::~Stack1() {}

bool Stack1::empty() {
	return length == 0;
}

int Stack1::size() {
	return length;
}

void Stack1::push(int value) {
	if (length < 10) {
		data[length++] = value;
	}
	else {
		cout << "栈已满，无法继续添加元素。" << endl;
	}
}

int Stack1::top() {
	return data[length - 1];
}

void Stack1::pop() {
	length -= 1;
}

void Stack1::display() {
	if (length == 0) {
		cout << "栈为空!" << endl;
		return;
	}

	for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		cout << data[i] << endl;
	}
	cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;
}

用链表实现栈

1. 在"Stack_By_LinkedList.h"文件中的代码如下：

class Stack2
{
private:

    class Node
    {
    public:
        int data;
        Node* next;

        Node(int data, Node* next);
        ~Node();
    };

    Node* head;
    size_t length;

public:
    Stack2();
    ~Stack2();

    bool empty();
    int size();
    int top();
    void push(int data);
    void pop();
    void display();
};

2. 在"Stack_By_LinkedList.cpp"文件中的代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include"Stack_By_LinkedList.h"
using namespace std;


Stack2::Node::Node(int data, Node* next) {
    this->data = data;
    this->next = next;
}

Stack2::Node::~Node() {
}

Stack2::Stack2() {
    this->head = nullptr;
    this->length = 0;
}

Stack2::~Stack2() {
    while (this->head != nullptr) {
        Node* temp = this->head;
        this->head = this->head->next;
        delete temp;
    }
}

bool Stack2::empty() {
    return this->head == nullptr;
}

int Stack2::size() {
    return this->length;
}

int Stack2::top() {
    if (head != nullptr) {
        return this->head->data;
    }
}

void Stack2::push(int data) {

    Node* new_node = new Node(data, nullptr);
    new_node->next = head;
    head = new_node;
    this->length++;
}

void Stack2::pop() {
    if (head == nullptr) {
        return;
    }

    Node* p = head;
    head = head->next;
    delete p;
    this->length--;
}

void Stack2::display() {
    if (this->head == nullptr) {
        cout << "栈为空!" << endl;
        return;
    }

    Node* p = this->head;
    while (p != nullptr) {
        cout << p->data << endl;
        p = p->next;
    }
    cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;
}

测试

在"Stack Testing.cpp"中的代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include"Stack_By_Array.h"
#include"Stack_By_LinkedList.h"

using namespace std;

void test_Stack_By_Array() {
	Stack1 stack;
    cout << "测试1：数组实现的栈：" << endl;
    cout << "---------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "将1-6依次入栈后，打印栈元素如下：" << endl;
	for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
		stack.push(i);
	}
    stack.display();

    cout << "栈顶元素为：" << stack.top() << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        stack.pop();
    }
    cout << "弹出两个元素后，栈元素如下：" << endl;
    stack.display();

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        stack.pop();
    }
    cout << "弹出所有元素后，栈内情况为：" << endl;
    stack.display();
}

void test_Stack_By_LinkedList() {
    Stack2* stack = new Stack2();
    cout << "测试2：链表实现的栈：" << endl;
    cout << "---------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "将1-6依次入栈后，打印栈元素如下：" << endl;
    for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
        stack->push(i);
    }
    stack->display();

    cout << "栈顶元素为：" << stack->top() << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------" << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        stack->pop();
    }
    cout << "弹出两个元素后，栈元素如下：" << endl;
    stack->display();

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        stack->pop();
    }
    cout << "弹出所有元素后，栈内情况为：" << endl;
    stack->display();

    delete stack;
}

int main() {
	test_Stack_By_Array();
    cout << endl;
    test_Stack_By_LinkedList();
	return 0;
}

输出结果如下:

可以看出，两中方法实现的数组功能完全一致。