要注意类模板的书写方式,以及类模板的应用范围只在一个类或一个函数中使用,如果出现多个函数且需要使用类模板的话,必须在每个类或函数之前声明一次类模板,否则错误。
先看例子:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class numtype>
class compare
{
public:
compare(numtype a,numtype b):x(a),y(b){
};
numtype max()
{
return (x>y)?x:y;
}
numtype min()
{
return (x>y)?y:x;
}
private:
numtype x,y;
};
int main()
{
compare<int> com1(3,7);
cout<<com1.max()<<' '<<com1.min()<<endl;
compare<float> com2(45.78,93.6);
cout<<com2.max()<<' '<<com2.min()<<endl;
compare<char> com3('a','A');
cout<<com3.max()<<' '<<com3.min()<<endl;
return 0;
}
现在进行修改,将类中成员函数改为在类外定义:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class numtype>
class compare
{
public:
compare(numtype a,numtype b);
numtype max();
numtype min();
private:
numtype x,y;
};
compare::compare(numtype a,numtype b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
numtype compare::max()
{
return (x>y)?x:y;
}
numtype compare::min()
{
return (x<y)?x:y;
}
int main()
{
compare<int> com1(3,7);
cout<<com1.max()<<' '<<com1.min()<<endl;
compare<float> com2(45.78,93.6);
cout<<com2.max()<<' '<<com2.min()<<endl;
compare<char> com3('a','A');
cout<<com3.max()<<' '<<com3.min()<<endl;
return 0;
}
结果出错。错误原因是没有分别对每次使用类模板进行声明,进行修改:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class numtype>
class compare
{
public:
compare(numtype a,numtype b);
numtype max();
numtype min();
private:
numtype x,y;
};
template <class numtype> //修改
compare<numtype>::compare(numtype a,numtype b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
template <class numtype> //修改
numtype compare<numtype>::max()
{
return (x>y)?x:y;
}
template <class numtype> //修改
numtype compare<numtype>::min()
{
return (x<y)?x:y;
}
int main()
{
compare<int> com1(3,7);
cout<<com1.max()<<' '<<com1.min()<<endl;
compare<float> com2(45.78,93.6);
cout<<com2.max()<<' '<<com2.min()<<endl;
compare<char> com3('a','A');
cout<<com3.max()<<' '<<com3.min()<<endl;
return 0;
}