类的继承与组合

1.错误代码

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class teacher
{
	public:
		teacher(int ,char [] ,char);
		void display();
	private:
		int num;
		char name[];//这是形参，而不是是实参，因为没有给定大小，导致 程序错误。 
		char sex;
 } ;
teacher::teacher(int n,char nam[],char s)
{
	num=n;
	strcpy(name,nam);
	sex=s;
}
void teacher::display()
{
	cout<<num<<' '<<name<<' '<<sex<<endl;
}
//__________________________________________________________________
class birthdate
{
	public:
		birthdate(int ,int ,int );
		void display();
		void change(int ,int ,int );
	private:
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
};
birthdate::birthdate(int y,int m,int d)
{
	year=y;
	month=m;
	day=d;
}
void birthdate::display()
{
	cout<<year<<' '<<month<<' '<<day<<endl;
}
void birthdate::change(int y,int m,int d)
{
	year=y;
	month=m;
	day=d;
}
//_____________________________________________________________________
class professor:public teacher
{
	public:
		professor(int ,char [],char ,int ,int ,int ,float);
		void display();
		void change(int ,int ,int );
	private:
		float area;
		birthdate birth;
};
professor::professor(int n,char nam[],char s,int y,int m,int d,float a):teacher(n,nam,s),birth(y,m,d)
{
	area=a;
}
void professor::display()
{
	teacher::display();
	birth.display();
	cout<<area<<endl;
}
void professor::change(int y,int m,int d)
{
	birth.change(y,m,d);
}
int main()
{
	professor prof1(3012,"Zhang",'f',1949,10,1,125.4);
	prof1.display();
	prof1.change(1950,6,1);
	prof1.display();
	return 0;
}

结果运行，出现乱码，程序错误。

2.给其限定大小范围。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class teacher
{
	public:
		teacher(int ,char [] ,char);
		void display();
	private:
		int num;
		char name[20];//给实参定义有大小范围之后，程序正确。 
		char sex;
 } ;
teacher::teacher(int n,char nam[],char s)
{
	num=n;
	strcpy(name,nam);
	sex=s;
}
void teacher::display()
{
	cout<<num<<' '<<name<<' '<<sex<<endl;
}
//__________________________________________________________________
class birthdate
{
	public:
		birthdate(int ,int ,int );
		void display();
		void change(int ,int ,int );
	private:
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
};
birthdate::birthdate(int y,int m,int d)
{
	year=y;
	month=m;
	day=d;
}
void birthdate::display()
{
	cout<<year<<' '<<month<<' '<<day<<endl;
}
void birthdate::change(int y,int m,int d)
{
	year=y;
	month=m;
	day=d;
}
//_____________________________________________________________________
class professor:public teacher
{
	public:
		professor(int ,char [],char ,int ,int ,int ,float);
		void display();
		void change(int ,int ,int );
	private:
		float area;
		birthdate birth;
};
professor::professor(int n,char nam[],char s,int y,int m,int d,float a):teacher(n,nam,s),birth(y,m,d)
{
	area=a;
}
void professor::display()
{
	teacher::display();
	birth.display();
	cout<<area<<endl;
}
void professor::change(int y,int m,int d)
{
	birth.change(y,m,d);
}
int main()
{
	professor prof1(3012,"Zhang",'f',1949,10,1,125.4);
	prof1.display();
	prof1.change(1950,6,1);
	prof1.display();
	return 0;
}

结果正确。

3.再修改一下。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class teacher
{
	public:
		teacher(int ,string ,char);
		void display();
	private:
		int num;
		string name;//将定义的变量进一步简化 
		char sex;
 } ;
teacher::teacher(int n,string nam,char s)
{
	num=n;
	name=nam;
	sex=s;
}
void teacher::display()
{
	cout<<num<<' '<<name<<' '<<sex<<endl;
}
//__________________________________________________________________
class birthdate
{
	public:
		birthdate(int ,int ,int );
		void display();
		void change(int ,int ,int );
	private:
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
};
birthdate::birthdate(int y,int m,int d)
{
	year=y;
	month=m;
	day=d;
}
void birthdate::display()
{
	cout<<year<<' '<<month<<' '<<day<<endl;
}
void birthdate::change(int y,int m,int d)
{
	year=y;
	month=m;
	day=d;
}
//_____________________________________________________________________
class professor:public teacher
{
	public:
		professor(int ,string ,char ,int ,int ,int ,float);
		void display();
		void change(int ,int ,int );
	private:
		float area;
		birthdate birth;
};
professor::professor(int n,string nam,char s,int y,int m,int d,float a):teacher(n,nam,s),birth(y,m,d)
{
	area=a;
}
void professor::display()
{
	teacher::display();
	birth.display();
	cout<<area<<endl;
}
void professor::change(int y,int m,int d)
{
	birth.change(y,m,d);
}
int main()
{
	professor prof1(3012,"Zhang",'f',1949,10,1,125.4);
	prof1.display();
	prof1.change(1950,6,1);
	prof1.display();
	return 0;
}

结果正确