mysql or 用索引吗_mysql or条件可以使用索引而避免全表

在某些情况下，or条件可以避免全表扫描的。虽然在我在MariaDB10.0.10版本和MySQL5.7.14上都测试不成功，但还是很有必要记录下来。

mysql> show variables like 'version';

+---------------+---------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+---------------------+

| version | 10.0.10-MariaDB-log |

+---------------+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'version';

+---------------+------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+------------+

| version | 5.7.14-log |

+---------------+------------+

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

一.where 语句里面如果带有or条件, myisam表能用到索引，innodb不行

1.myisam表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `a` (

`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,

`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `uid` (`uid`)

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=6;

mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | a | index_merge | PRIMARY,uid | PRIMARY,uid | 4,4 | NULL | 2 | Using union(PRIMARY,uid); Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.innodb表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `a` (

`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,

`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `uid` (`uid`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=6;

mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | a | ALL | PRIMARY,uid | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

二.必须所有的or条件都必须是独立索引

+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Table | Create Table

+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| a | CREATE TABLE `a` (

`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,

`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

explain查看：

mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | a | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

全表扫描了。

三.用UNION替换OR (适用于索引列)

通常情况下, 用UNION替换WHERE子句中的OR将会起到较好的效果，对索引列使用OR将造成全表扫描。

注意，以上规则只针对多个索引列有效，如果有column没有被索引，查询效率可能会因为你没有选择OR而降低。

在下面的例子中，LOC_ID 和REGION上都建有索引。

高效：

select loc_id , loc_desc , region from location where loc_id = 10

union

select loc_id , loc_desc , region from location where region = "melbourne"

低效：

select loc_id , loc desc , region from location where loc_id = 10 or region = "melbourne"

如果你坚持要用OR, 那就需要返回记录最少的索引列写在最前面。

四.用in来替换or

这是一条简单易记的规则，但是实际的执行效果还须检验，在oracle8i下，两者的执行路径似乎是相同的。

低效：

select * from location where loc_id = 10 or loc_id = 20 or loc_id = 30

高效：

select * from location where loc_in in (10,20,30);

PS：查看mysql版本的方法

1.在命令行输入“mysql --version"，按”Enter“键即可，如下图所示：

2.使用命令行查看mysql版本-mysql变量查看

在命令行输入“mysql"，按”Enter“进入mysql命令行模式，输入”show variables like 'version';“即可，如下所示：

文章来源：http://blog..net/hguisu/article/details/7106159