python基本语法笔记_Python基本语法笔记

#后面写注释

加上.0则自动作为float处理

输出int:print "He's %d pounds heavy." % my_weight

输出String:print "He's got %s eyes and %s hair." % (my_eyes, my_hair)print "." * 10  # what'd that do?

..........

Use the %r for debugging, since it displays the "raw" data of the variable, but the others are used for displaying to users.

单引号和双引号都可以用来表示字符串。

%s可以输出中文(输出中文之前要在第一行加上#coding:utf-8)

输出多行：print """

There's something going on here.

With the three double-quotes.

We'll be able to type as much as we like.

Even 4 lines if we want, or 5, or 6.

"""

输入：age = raw_input()

类型转换：x = int(raw_input())

The input() function will try to convert things you enter as if they were Python code, but it has security problems so you should avoid it.

输入之前先输出到屏幕：age = raw_input("How old are you? ")

import：from sys import argv

script, first, second, third = argv #将参数赋给这些变量

文件操作：from sys import argvscript, filename = argv

txt = open(filename)

print "Here's your file %r:" % filenameprint

txt.read()

常用文件操作函数：

close -- Closes the file. Like File->Save.. in your editor.

read -- Reads the contents of the file. You can assign the result to a variable.

readline -- Reads just one line of a text file.

truncate -- Empties the file. Watch out if you care about the file.

write('stuff') -- Writes "stuff" to the file.

输入参数：# this one is like your scripts with argv

def print_two(*args):

arg1, arg2 = args

print "arg1: %r, arg2: %r" % (arg1, arg2)

# ok, that *args is actually pointless, we can just do this

def print_two_again(arg1, arg2):

print "arg1: %r, arg2: %r" % (arg1, arg2)

# this just takes one argument

def print_one(arg1):

print "arg1: %r" % arg1

# this one takes no arguments

def print_none():

print "I got nothin'."

Truth Terms: and/or/not True False

str()可以转为string

if语句：if cars > people:

print "We should take the cars."

elif cars 

print "We should not take the cars."

else:

print "We can't decide."

List的使用：def break_words(stuff):

"""This function will break up words for us."""

words = stuff.split(' ')

return words

def sort_words(words):

"""Sorts the words."""

return sorted(words)

def print_first_word(words):

"""Prints the first word after popping it off."""

word = words.pop(0)

print word

def print_last_word(words):

"""Prints the last word after popping it off."""

word = words.pop(-1)

print wordthe_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'pears', 'apricots']

change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']

# this first kind of for-loop goes through a list

for number in the_count:

print "This is count %d" % number

while i 

print "At the top i is %d" % i

numbers.append(i)

注意事项：

Every if-statement must have an else.

If this else should never run because it doesn't make sense, then you must use a die function in

the else that prints out an error message and dies, just like we did in the last exercise. This will find many errors.

Never nest if-statements more than two deep and always try to do them one deep.

Treat if-statements like paragraphs, where each if-elif-else grouping is like a set of

sentences. Put blank lines before and after.

Your boolean tests should be simple. If they are complex, move their calculations to variables earlier in your function and use a good name for the variable.

Use a while-loop only to loop forever, and that means probably never. This only applies to Python; other languages are different.

Use a for-loop for all other kinds of looping, especially if there is a fixed or limited number of things to loop over.