一,状态模式
状态模式:
- 主要用来解决对象在多种状态转换时,需要对外输出不同的行为的问题。状态和行为是一一对应的,状态之间可以相互转化;
- 当一个对象的内在状态改变时,允许改变其行为,使其看起来就像改变了其类;
二,原理类图
意图: 允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。
适用性:
一个对象的行为取决于它的状态, 并且它必须在运行时刻根据状态改变它的行为。
一个操作中含有庞大的多分支的条件语句,且这些分支依赖于该对象的状态。这个状态通常用一个或多个枚举常量表示。通常, 有多个操作包含这一相同的条件结构。State模式将每一个条件分支放入一个独立的类中。这使得你可以根据对象自身的情况将对象的状态作为一个对象,这一对象可以不依赖于其他对象而独立变化。
三,实例
Context: 环境角色,用于维护State实例,这个实例定义对应当前状态;
package com.neei.state;
/**
* @param
* @Author: AaNeei
* @Date: 2019/10/18 8:27
* @Description: 游学网--抽奖活动
* @throws:
*/
public class RaffleActivity {
private State state;
private int count = 0;
State noRaffleState = new NoRaffleState(this);
State canRaffleState = new CanRaffleState(this);
State dispenseState = new DispenseState(this);
State dispenseOutState = new DispenseOutState(this);
public RaffleActivity(int count) {
this.state = getNoRaffleState();
this.count = count;
}
//扣积分
public void deductMoney() {
state.deductMoney();
}
public void raffle() {
if (state.raffle()) {
state.dispensePrize();
}
}
public State getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(State state) {
this.state = state;
}
public int getCount() {
return count--;
}
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public State getNoRaffleState() {
return noRaffleState;
}
public void setNoRaffleState(State noRaffleState) {
this.noRaffleState = noRaffleState;
}
public State getCanRaffleState() {
return canRaffleState;
}
public void setCanRaffleState(State canRaffleState) {
this.canRaffleState = canRaffleState;
}
public State getDispenseState() {
return dispenseState;
}
public void setDispenseState(State dispenseState) {
this.dispenseState = dispenseState;
}
public State getDispenseOutState() {
return dispenseOutState;
}
public void setDispenseOutState(State dispenseOutState) {
this.dispenseOutState = dispenseOutState;
}
}
State: 抽象状态角色,定义一个接口封装与context的一个特点接口相关行为;
package com.neei.state;
/**
* @param
* @Author: AaNeei
* @Date: 2019/10/18 8:24
* @Description: 游学网
* @throws:
*/
public abstract class State {
/**
* 扣除积分
*/
public abstract void deductMoney();
/**
* 是否抽中奖品
*/
public abstract boolean raffle();
/**
* 发放奖品
*/
public abstract void dispensePrize();
}
ConcreteState: 具体的状态角色,每个子类实现一个与context的一个状态相关行为;·
package com.neei.state;
/**
* @param
* @Author: AaNeei
* @Date: 2019/10/18 8:26
* @Description: 游学网-- 不能抽奖
* @throws:
*/
public class NoRaffleState extends State {
private RaffleActivity activity;
public NoRaffleState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
@Override
public void deductMoney() {
System.out.println("积分扣除50,可以抽奖去了~~~");
activity.setState(activity.getCanRaffleState());
}
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("扣除相应积分才可以抽奖");
return false;
}
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
System.out.println("该状态不能发奖品");
}
}
public class CanRaffleState extends State {
private RaffleActivity activity;
public CanRaffleState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
@Override
public void deductMoney() {
System.out.println("该状态不扣除积分");
}
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("开始抽奖");
Random random=new Random();
int num =random.nextInt(10);
if(num==0){
activity.setState(activity.getDispenseState());
return true;
}else {
System.out.println("很遗憾没有中奖");
activity.setState(activity.getNoRaffleState());
return false;
}
}
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
System.out.println("还未中奖,不能发放奖品");
}
}
public class DispenseState extends State {
private RaffleActivity activity;
public DispenseState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
@Override
public void deductMoney() {
System.out.println("该状态不能扣除积分");
}
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("该状态不能抽奖");
return false;
}
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
if (activity.getCount() > 0) {
System.out.println("恭喜中奖了");
activity.setState(activity.getNoRaffleState());
}else {
System.out.println("很遗憾,奖品发放完了");
activity.setState(activity.getDispenseOutState());
}
}
}
public class DispenseOutState extends State {
private RaffleActivity activity;
public DispenseOutState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
@Override
public void deductMoney() {
System.out.println("奖品发放完毕,后续参加");
}
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("奖品发放完毕,后续参加");
return false;
}
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
System.out.println("奖品发放完毕,后续参加");
}
}
调用
package com.neei.state;
/**
* @param
* @Author: AaNeei
* @Date: 2019/10/18 8:24
* @Description: 游学网
* @throws:
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RaffleActivity activity=new RaffleActivity(10);
for (int i = 0; i <300 ; i++) {
System.out.println("-----第"+i+"次抽奖-----");
//抽奖先扣除积分
activity.deductMoney();
//抽奖
activity.raffle();
}
}
}