Docker笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-23 16:41:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-23 16:41:08 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA 文章标签： docker

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Docker笔记

一、Docker概述

名词解释

镜像（image)：

docker镜像就好比是一个目标，可以通过这个目标来创建容器服务，tomcat镜像= =>run= =>容器（提供服务器），通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器（最终服务运行或者项目运行就是在容器中的）。

容器(container)：

Docker利用容器技术，独立运行一个或者一组应用，通过镜像来创建的.
启动，停止，删除，基本命令
目前就可以把这个容器理解为就是一个简易的 Linux系统。

仓库(repository)：

仓库就是存放镜像的地方！
仓库分为公有仓库和私有仓库。(很类似git)
Docker Hub是国外的。
阿里云…都有容器服务器(配置镜像加速!)

二、安装Docker

环境准备

1、需要会一点点的Linux的基础

2、 CentOS 7

3、我们使用Xshell连接远程服务器进行操作

环境查看

# 系统内核是 3.10 以上的 
[root@yansw ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64

# 系统版本
[root@yansw ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@yansw ~]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

安装docker

帮助文档：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

# 1.卸载旧版本
[root@yansw ~]# yum remove docker \
                  	docker-client \
                  	docker-client-latest \
                  	docker-common \
                  	docker-latest \
                  	docker-latest-logrotate \
                  	docker-logrotate \
                  	docker-engine
                  	
# 2.需要的安装包
[root@yansw ~]# yum install -y yum-utils

# 3.设置镜像的仓库
# 默认是从国外的，不推荐
[root@yansw ~]# yum-config-manager \
                    --add-repo \
    				https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 推荐使用国内的（阿里云）
[root@yansw ~]# yum-config-manager \
                    --add-repo \
                    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 更新yum软件包索引
[root@yansw ~]# yum makecache fast

# 4.安装docker相关的 docker-ce 社区版 而ee是企业版
[root@yansw ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 5.启动docker
[root@yansw ~]# systemctl start docker

# 6.查看docker版本
[root@yansw ~]# docker version

# 7.hello-world
[root@yansw ~]# docker run hello-world

hello world输出结果

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# 8.查看下载的镜像
[root@yansw ~]# docker images

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了解：卸载docker

# 1.卸载依赖
[root@yansw ~]# yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 2.删除资源 （/var/lib/docker 是docker的默认工作路径）
[root@yansw ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker

阿里云镜像加速

1、登录阿里云找到容器服务

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2、找到镜像加速

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3、配置使用

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://bnbgfzv6.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

三、回顾hello-world

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docker run 流程图

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四、底层原理

五、Docker常用命令

帮助命令

docker version    #显示docker的版本信息。
docker info       #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@yansw ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        6 months ago       13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY			 镜像的仓库源
TAG				 	 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID			 镜像的id
CREATED			     镜像的创建时间
SIZE				 镜像的大小

# 可选项
Options: 
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id
  
docker images -aq ＃显示所有镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@yansw ~]# docker search mysql
NAME       DESCRIPTION                                    STARS   OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql      MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9721   [OK]               
mariadb    MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3544   [OK]


# --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      
[root@yansw ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME       DESCRIPTION                                     STARS  OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql      MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9500   [OK]             
mariadb    MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3444   [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@yansw ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest      	# 如果不写tag, 默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete 	# 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete 
c2344adc4858: Pull complete 
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete 
b905d1797e97: Pull complete 
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete 
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete 
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest    # 真实地址


# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@yansw ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Already exists 
d51ce1c2e575: Already exists 
c2344adc4858: Already exists 
fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists 
16da0c38dc5b: Already exists 
b905d1797e97: Already exists 
4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists 
d85174a87144: Pull complete 
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete 
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete 
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@yansw ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 			#删除指定的镜像
[root@yansw ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id   #删除指定的镜像
[root@yansw ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)    #删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，下载centos镜像来学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run[可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"		容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d					后台方式运行
-it 				使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p					指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
		-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
		-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
		-p 容器端口
		容器端口
-P(大写) 				随机指定端口

# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@yansw ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash 
[root@bb98be7bc0bd /]# ls	#查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@bb98be7bc0bd /]# exit
exit
[root@yansw /]# ls
bin  boot  data  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  swapfile  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a  # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=？  # 显示最近创建的容器
-q  # 只显示容器的编号

[root@yansw /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

[root@yansw /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
bb98be7bc0bd        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       pedantic_mendel
5dbaa8e6c436        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            3 days ago          Exited (0) 3 days ago                          sleepy_dubinsky

退出容器

exit		 #容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q   #容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id   #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除指定的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id	#启动容器
docker restart 容器id	#重启容器
docker stop 容器id	#停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id	#强制停止当前容器

其他常用命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
➜  ~ docker run -d centos
a8f922c255859622ac45ce3a535b7a0e8253329be4756ed6e32265d2dd2fac6c
➜  ~ docker ps           
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
# 问题docker ps. 发现centos 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs --help
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs 
*  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
*      --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
*  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
➜  ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志      
#显示日志
-tf		#显示日志信息（一直更新）
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志
docker logs -tf 容器id #跟着日志

查看容器中进程信息 ps

# 命令 docker top 容器id
UID  	 PID  	  PPID    	  C   	STIME   	  TTY      TIME            CMD
root     30281    30264       0     19:18         pts/0    00:00:00        /bin/bash

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

[
    {
        "Id": "4f6aa48e34aeaf742ebe28197766bdaa9a7b54afc0510556ca587e068f9b6f7d",
        "Created": "2020-08-11T11:18:30.554873203Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 30281,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-08-11T11:18:31.063525315Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f6aa48e34aeaf742ebe28197766bdaa9a7b54afc0510556ca587e068f9b6f7d/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f6aa48e34aeaf742ebe28197766bdaa9a7b54afc0510556ca587e068f9b6f7d/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f6aa48e34aeaf742ebe28197766bdaa9a7b54afc0510556ca587e068f9b6f7d/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f6aa48e34aeaf742ebe28197766bdaa9a7b54afc0510556ca587e068f9b6f7d/4f6aa48e34aeaf742ebe28197766bdaa9a7b54afc0510556ca587e068f9b6f7d-json.log",
        "Name": "/goofy_diffie",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b38fd32a4a98e4d2a85132ab6fea10612cec4d123587dfe7ceab9c3ed234f3b9-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd9c217b265a8595ae54de349bd60fc5320adc93b6ab7ab72a9ad6b97b17e3b8/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b38fd32a4a98e4d2a85132ab6fea10612cec4d123587dfe7ceab9c3ed234f3b9/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b38fd32a4a98e4d2a85132ab6fea10612cec4d123587dfe7ceab9c3ed234f3b9/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b38fd32a4a98e4d2a85132ab6fea10612cec4d123587dfe7ceab9c3ed234f3b9/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "4f6aa48e34ae",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "14f8ce4c01d534e280648796ac0c59dd20bc4a89116d22c1e0973ef2de1dd5df",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/14f8ce4c01d5",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "a794fba358385f478ecdc29195f8e3417db0fb549aeb99cfdc677c16a8433b83",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "e37366f7fad9074146baa691379c2e69c6102613c83046f176f9fe591a3aab2a",
                    "EndpointID": "a794fba358385f478ecdc29195f8e3417db0fb549aeb99cfdc677c16a8433b83",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 方式一
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell

# 测试 
[root@yansw ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4f6aa48e34ae        centos              "/bin/bash"         20 minutes ago      Up 20 minutes                           goofy_diffie
[root@yansw ~]# docker exec -it 4f6aa48e34ae /bin/bash
[root@4f6aa48e34ae /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@4f6aa48e34ae /]# ps  -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 11:18 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        16     0  0 11:39 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        30    16  0 11:39 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@4f6aa48e34ae /]# 

# 方式二
# 命令
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@yansw ~]# docker attach 5babd8554e51
正在执行当前的代码...

# 两者区别
#docker exec #进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
#docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

# docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的地主机路径

# 查看当前主机目录
[root@yansw ~]# cd /home
[root@yansw home]# ls
ues  uoracle

# 进入docker容器内部
[root@yansw home]# docker attach 1ab690dddc76
[root@1ab690dddc76 /]# cd /home
[root@1ab690dddc76 home]# ls

# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@1ab690dddc76 home]# touch test.java
[root@1ab690dddc76 home]# ls
test.java
[root@1ab690dddc76 home]# exit
exit
[root@yansw home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@yansw home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
1ab690dddc76        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Exited (0) 21 seconds ago                         condescending_pare
      Exited (0) 3 hours ago                            brave_faraday
      
 # 将文件拷贝出来到主机     
[root@yansw home]# docker cp 1ab690dddc76:/home/test.java /home
[root@yansw home]# ls
test.java  ues  uoracle

docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@yansw home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ab690dddc76 centos “/bin/bash” About a minute ago Exited (0) 21 seconds ago condescending_pare
Exited (0) 3 hours ago brave_faraday

将文件拷贝出来到主机

[root@yansw home]# docker cp 1ab690dddc76:/home/test.java /home
[root@yansw home]# ls
test.java ues uoracle

猪丶过去拱他

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Docker笔记

这里写目录标题Docker笔记一、Docker概述二、安装Docker环境准备环境查看安装dockerhello world输出结果了解：卸载docker阿里云镜像加速三、回顾hello-world四、底层原理五、Docker常用命令帮助命令镜像命令容器命令新建容器并启动**列出所有运行的容器**退出容器删除容器其他常用命令后台启动容器查看日志**查看容器中进程信息** ps**查看镜像的元数据**进入当前正在运行的容器从容器内拷贝文件到主机将文件拷贝出来到主机Docker笔记一、Docker概述名
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