Python--Request库

1、Request库方法介绍
2、GET请求

import requests
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(r.status_code)

该代码实现了get请求输出了状态码。
输出

 200

构造请求链接：利用params参数

import requests
payload = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=payload)
print(r.url)

params：url中的额外参数，字典或字节流格式，可选

输出 http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2

3、request对象的属性

import requests
payload = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=payload)
print(r.text)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.content)

输出

{
  "args": {
    "key1": "value1", 
    "key2": "value2"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.12.4"
  }, 
  "origin": "222.85.110.137, 222.85.110.137", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2"
}

200
b'{\n  "args": {\n    "key1": "value1", \n    "key2": "value2"\n  }, \n  "headers": {\n    "Accept": "*/*", \n    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n    "Host": "httpbin.org", \n    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.12.4"\n  }, \n  "origin": "222.85.110.137, 222.85.110.137", \n  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2"\n}\n'

4、添加headers：利用headers参数

import request
hd = {'user-agent': 'Chrome/10'}
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',headers=hd)
print(r.text)

输出

{
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Chrome/10"
  }, 
  "origin": "222.85.110.137, 222.85.110.137", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

5、POST请求

import requests
payload = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/get',params=payload)
print(r.url)

输出

200

6、timeout：设定超时时间，秒为单位
可以在get或post请求中添加timeout参数； requests 在经过以 timeout 参数设定的秒数时间之后停止等待响应并会报错