docker下载安装和常用命令

系列文章目录

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前言

官网及下载
https://docker.com/

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一、卸载旧版本docker

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

二、安装yum-utils常用工具包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils

三、更换国内镜像源下载docker

1 更换

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

 yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
     http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2 更新安装包索引

[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache fast

3 安装最新的docker

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

4启动docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker   //启动docker服务

5 docker version 判断是否启动成功

三、启动hallo world测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world

[root@localhost ~]# docker images    //查看是否启动成功
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB

四 卸载删除docker

卸载依赖

yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

删除资源

 rm -rf /var/lib/docker

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五、阿里云加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://1edmtwcy.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker

六、docker镜像常用命令

docker version      // 显示docker版本信息
docker info           //显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容量数量
docker --help       //查看帮助文档
docker images     //查看本地所有镜像

• docker search //搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql      // 搜索镜像
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                          MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12525     [OK]       
mariadb                        MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4817      [OK]       
percona                        Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   575       [OK] 

https://hub.docker.com/

• –filter=stars=3000 //搜索条件 3000以上的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=stars=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12525     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4817      [OK]       

• docker pull //下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql //pull 下载mysql
Using default tag: latest              //如果不写tag，默认是latest最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete          //分层下载
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete      //下面是签名
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e77
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest 
docker.io/library/mysql:latest            //真实地址

• docker pull mysql:5.7 //指定版本下载

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7   //指定下载版本
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists                //联合文件系统之前已经下载过
99da31dd6142: Already exists                  的文件不用重复下载
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

• docker -rmi -f $(docker images -qa) //删除全部

[root@localhost ~]# docker images    //查看本地镜像
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   4 months ago   448MB
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   4 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 3218b38490ce   //指定id删除
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f773

七、docker容器常用命令

docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
–name=“Name”    //容器名称 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d                      //后台方式运行
-it                    //使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P                 //指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
        -P   ip：主机端口：容器端口
        -P 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
        -P 容器端口
-p            //随机指定端口好（小写）

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos   //下载最新版本centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images     //查看本地镜像
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   4 months ago   448MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   7 months ago   231MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash   //使用交互方式进入centos
[root@ea69cb4a177f /]# exit   //直接停止并退出容器  

• ctrl + p + q 不停止退出容器

• 列出运行容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps   //列出当前正在运行容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a   //列出之前运行容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
ea69cb4a177f   centos        "/bin/bash"   11 minutes ago   Exited (127) 16 seconds ago             laughing_mclean
817c41ac6a0f   hello-world   "/hello"      4 hours ago      Exited (0) 4 hours ago                  wonderful_babbage
[root@localhost ~]# 

八、删除容器

docker rm [容器id] //指定删除容器
docker rm -f $(docker -ap) //删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm //删除所有容器

九、启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id         //开启容器
docker restart 重启容器id      //重启容器
docker stop 容器id       //停止容器
docker kill 容器id       //强制停止容器

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总结