docker安装
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/ 安装文档
#卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
#设置仓库
yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #阿里云镜像
#更新yum软件
yum makecache fast
# 安装docker相关 ce 社区版 ee企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#启动docker
systemctl start docker
#设置docker自启
system enable docker
#hello -world docker
docker run hello-world
#查看docker 镜像
docker image ls
#或者
docker images
#卸载docer
#卸载 Docker Engine、CLI 和 Containerd 包
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#主机上的映像、容器、卷或自定义配置文件不会自动删除。删除所有镜像、容器和卷:
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
底层原理
docker是一个client-server结构的系统,通过守护线程运行在宿主机上,通过socker从客户端上访问,dockerserver接受到client-server客户端命令,并执行
docker为什么比虚拟机快
因为虚拟机需要虚拟出一套物理环境,操作系统内核,内存,cpu什么的,还需要虚拟出os,就是guest os,而docker借用宿主机的os即可
docker常用命令
帮助命令
docker version #显示docker版本
docker --help #docker帮助命令
docker info #显示docker系统信息
镜像命令
docker images 查看本地所有的镜像
[root@zjj /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 7 months ago 13.3kB
REPOSITORY #镜像名称
IMAGE ID #镜像id
CREATED #镜像创建时间
SIZE #镜像大小
#可选项
--a #列出所有镜像
--q #只显示镜像id
--f #过滤某个镜像
docker search 搜索镜像
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11504 [OK]
#搜索出来STARS大于等于5000的镜像
docker pull命令
#docker pull mysql 镜像名[:版本]
[root@zjj /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #不指定版本 默认最新
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
07aded7c29c6: Pull complete #分层下载
f68b8cbd22de: Pull complete
30c1754a28c4: Pull complete
1b7cb4d6fe05: Pull complete
79a41dc56b9a: Pull complete
00a75e3842fb: Pull complete
b36a6919c217: Pull complete
635b0b84d686: Pull complete
6d24c7242d02: Pull complete
5be6c5edf16f: Pull complete
cb35eac1242c: Pull complete
a573d4e1c407: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4fcf5df6c46c80db19675a5c067e737c1bc8b0e78e94e816a778ae2c6577213d
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#这两个命令相等
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
[root@zjj /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
07aded7c29c6: Already exists
f68b8cbd22de: Already exists
30c1754a28c4: Already exists
1b7cb4d6fe05: Already exists
79a41dc56b9a: Already exists
00a75e3842fb: Already exists
b36a6919c217: Already exists
5e11fe494f45: Pull complete
9c7de1f889a7: Pull complete
cf6a13d05a76: Pull complete
fc5aa81f393a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:360c7488c2b5d112804a74cd272d1070d264eef4812d9a9cc6b8ed68c3546189
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
#存在的文件不会再下载
docker删除镜像
docker rmi 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -aq) #递归删除所有镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
docker容器命令
新建容器并启动容器
docker run [可选参数] image
#可选参数
--name='NAME' 容器名字
-d 后台方式运行
-it 交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-P
-P ip:主机端口:容器端口
-P 主机端口:容器端口
-P 主机端口
-p 随机指定端口
[root@zjj ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@2d45041f41a0 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@2d45041f41a0 /]# exit #退出容器
exit
[root@zjj ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents Downloads initial-setup-ks.cfg Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
[root@zjj ~]#
列出所有运行的容器
docker ps #正在运行的容器
docker ps -a #正在运行的容器+历史运行的容器
docker ps -aq #所有运行的容器id
[root@zjj ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@zjj ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2d45041f41a0 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago brave_booth
c7a9a081f8c7 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago blissful_austin
98d91b26ce4b hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago stupefied_lovelace
a87d17a728bb hello-world "/hello" 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago tender_dijkstra
退出容器
exit #退出容器并停止
ctrl+p+q #退出容器
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #只能删除不是正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器id #强制删除容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #查出所有容器,并删除
启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id #启动
docker restart 容器id #重启
docker stop 容器id #停止
docker kill 容器id #杀掉
后台启动容器
doker run -d 容器名称
#如果没有前台服务 会自动停止的
查看日志
docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo jiaju; sleep 2; done"
#tf 显示日志
# --tail num 显示日志条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id
查看进程信息
docker top 容器id
[root@zjj ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3d1e481f0835 centos "/bin/bash" 14 seconds ago Up 12 seconds gifted_meitner
[root@zjj ~]# docker top 3d1e481f0835
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 66077 66058 0 10:37 pts/0
查看容器元数据
docker inspect 容器id
[root@zjj ~]# docker inspect 3d1e481f0835
[
{
"Id": "3d1e481f0835eaa9fe57b05745d59a249447a6cc1bb3e934bd5fc8a418ac09c9",
"Created": "2021-10-06T02:37:29.055985289Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 66077,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-10-06T02:37:30.029614822Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d1e481f0835eaa9fe57b05745d59a249447a6cc1bb3e934bd5fc8a418ac09c9/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d1e481f0835eaa9fe57b05745d59a249447a6cc1bb3e934bd5fc8a418ac09c9/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d1e481f0835eaa9fe57b05745d59a249447a6cc1bb3e934bd5fc8a418ac09c9/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d1e481f0835eaa9fe57b05745d59a249447a6cc1bb3e934bd5fc8a418ac09c9/3d1e481f0835eaa9fe57b05745d59a249447a6cc1bb3e934bd5fc8a418ac09c9-json.log",
"Name": "/gifted_meitner",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8a6a90720d68242bbbf4f1a23bfc201dfa74ca665107f922a8db2c36cc52fddf-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/088d6faacc52ece4af98ea29e719b227a26b10ee2835f405624ac182efc4b824/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8a6a90720d68242bbbf4f1a23bfc201dfa74ca665107f922a8db2c36cc52fddf/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8a6a90720d68242bbbf4f1a23bfc201dfa74ca665107f922a8db2c36cc52fddf/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8a6a90720d68242bbbf4f1a23bfc201dfa74ca665107f922a8db2c36cc52fddf/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "3d1e481f0835",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "9bb3e21e31119ea1ca6da24fd3faa8aa6f0ea93034669254b205c39e10b46b81",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9bb3e21e3111",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "958e81a5aab9a3b20376b5ec74750b4c41b18a019e2f190bbe14c37fecf2c285",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "8f23e6a54f51946dcf4ec10c4b6db190abb6c0633e153e8eb0d60df09e3aee3c",
"EndpointID": "958e81a5aab9a3b20376b5ec74750b4c41b18a019e2f190bbe14c37fecf2c285",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id
[root@zjj ~]# docker exec -it 3d1e481f0835 /bin/bash
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
16 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
31 pts/1 00:00:00 ps
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 02:37 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 16 0 0 02:50 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 32 16 0 02:51 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
docker attach 容器id #进入容器正在执行的代码,不会开启一个新的进程
docker attach 容器id
docker exec -it 容器id #开启一个新的进程,可以执行操作
从容器拷贝到主机上
docker cp 容器id:路径 主机路径
[root@zjj ~]# docker exec -it 3d1e481f0835 /bin/bash
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]#
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]#
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]#
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]#
[root@3d1e481f0835 /]# cd /home
[root@3d1e481f0835 home]# ls
[root@3d1e481f0835 home]# touch test.java
[root@3d1e481f0835 home]# ls
test.java
[root@3d1e481f0835 home]# exit
exit
[root@zjj ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3d1e481f0835 centos "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Up 25 minutes gifted_meitner
[root@zjj ~]# docker cp 3d1e481f0835:/home/test.java /home
[root@zjj ~]# cd /home
[root@zjj home]# ls
admin test.java