mysql数值类型,MySQL的数值类型

整数类型

整数类型包含TINYINT、SMALLINT、MEDIUMINT、INT、 BIGINT等。

存取范围

类型

存储大小

默认显示宽度(个)

范围(有符号)

范围(无符号)

用途

TINYINT(m)

1Byte

m:4

-128 - 127

0 - 255

小整数值

SMALLINT(m)

2Byte

m:6

-32768 - 32767

0 - 65535

大整数值

MEDIUMINT(m)

3Byte

m:9

-8388608 - 8388607

0 - 16777215

大整数值

INT|INTEGER(m)

4Byte

m:11

-2147483648 - 2147483647

0 - 4294967295

大整数值

BIGINT(m)

8Byte

m:20

-9233372036854775808 - 9223372036854775807

0 - 18446744073709551615

极大整数值

m为其显示宽度,在为字段设置 zerofill约束条件时有效,否则将不会填充满整个显示宽度。

可选约束

unsigned:使用无符号存储。

zerofill:显示宽度不够时使用0进行填充。

显示宽度

使用一切数值类型时,指定其宽度均是为其指定显示宽度,并非存入的限制宽度。

以下示例将演示为TINYINT类型设置设置了显示宽度后,当宽度不够时将以指定字符进行填充。

mysql> CREATE TABLE `test` (

-> `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

-> `a` tinyint(4) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL,

-> `b` smallint(6) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

-> `c` mediumint(9) DEFAULT NULL,

-> `d` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

-> `e` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,

-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.05 sec)

mysql> desc test;

+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| a | tinyint(4) unsigned zerofill | YES | | NULL | |

| b | smallint unsigned | YES | | NULL | |

| c | mediumint | YES | | NULL | |

| d | int | YES | | NULL | |

| e | bigint | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `test` (`a`, `b`, `c`, `d`, `e`) VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '1', '1');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `test` (`id`, `a`, `b`, `c`, `d`, `e`) VALUES ('3', '-1', '-1', '1', '1', '1');

ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'a' at row 1

mysql> INSERT INTO `test` (`a`, `b`, `c`, `d`, `e`) VALUES ('333', '333', '333', '333', '333');

ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'a' at row 1

mysql> select * from test;

+----+------+------+------+------+------+

| id | a | b | c | d | e |

+----+------+------+------+------+------+

| 3 | 0001 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |

+----+------+------+------+------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

范围超出

当范围超出时则不允许存取,抛出异常。

浮点类型

浮点类型包括FLOAT、DOUBLE、DECIMAL。

存取范围

类型

存储大小

最大显示宽度(个)

范围(有符号)

范围(无符号)

精确度

FLOAT(m[,d])

4Bytes

m:255,d:30

(-3.402 823 466 E+38,-1.175 494 351 E-38) - 0

0 - (1.175 494 351 E-38,3.402 823 466 E+38)

点七位以内

DOUBLE(m[,d])

8Bytes

m:255,d:30

(-1.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308,-2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-308) - 0

0 - (2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-308,1.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308)

点十五位以内

DECIMAL(m[,d])

m+2(如果m

m:65,d:30

取决于m,d(m范围(1-65),d范围(0-30))

取决于m,d(m范围(1-65),d范围(0-30))

绝对精准

m为其整数部分显示个数,n为其小数部分显示个数。

DECIMAL底层由字符串进行存储,故精度不会出现偏差,也被称为定点类型。

精度问题

mysql> CREATE TABLE `test` (

-> `id` INT NOT NULL,

-> `a` FLOAT NULL,

-> `b` DOUBLE NULL,

-> `c` DECIMAL NULL,

-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc test;

+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | |

| a | float | YES | | NULL | |

| b | double | YES | | NULL | |

| c | decimal(10,0) | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

INSERT INTO `test` (`id`, `a`, `b`,`c`) VALUES ('1', '3.1415', '3.14159','3.14159');

INSERT INTO `test` (`id`, `a`, `b`,`c`) VALUES ('2', '1.1111111111111111', '1.1111111111111111','1.1111111111111111');

mysql> select * from test;

+----+---------+--------------------+------+

| id | a | b | c |

+----+---------+--------------------+------+

| 1 | 3.1415 | 3.14159 | 3 |

| 2 | 1.11111 | 1.1111111111111112 | 1 |

+----+---------+--------------------+------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table test modify `c` DECIMAL(65,30) NULL;

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.13 sec)

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc test;

+-------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | |

| a | float | YES | | NULL | |

| b | double | YES | | NULL | |

| c | decimal(65,30) | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;

+----+---------+--------------------+----------------------------------+

| id | a | b | c |

+----+---------+--------------------+----------------------------------+

| 1 | 3.1415 | 3.14159 | 3.000000000000000000000000000000 |

| 2 | 1.11111 | 1.1111111111111112 | 1.000000000000000000000000000000 |

+----+---------+--------------------+----------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `test` (`id`, `a`, `b`,`c`) VALUES ('3', '1.1111111111111111', '1.1111111111111111','1.1111111111111111');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;

+----+---------+--------------------+----------------------------------+

| id | a | b | c |

+----+---------+--------------------+----------------------------------+

| 1 | 3.1415 | 3.14159 | 3.000000000000000000000000000000 |

| 2 | 1.11111 | 1.1111111111111112 | 1.000000000000000000000000000000 |

| 3 | 1.11111 | 1.1111111111111112 | 1.111111111111111100000000000000 |

+----+---------+--------------------+----------------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

位类型

BIT(M)可以用来存放多位二进制数,M范围从1~64,如果不写默认为1位。

注意:对于位字段需要使用函数读取

bin()显示为二进制

hex()显示为十六进制

mysql> create table `test`(num bit);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc test;

+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| num | bit(1) | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into `test`(num) values (1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from test;

+------------+

| num |

+------------+

| 0x01 |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select bin(num),hex(num) from test;

+----------+----------+

| bin(num) | hex(num) |

+----------+----------+

| 1 | 1 |

+----------+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table `test` modify num bit(5);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> insert into `test`(num) values (8);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;

+------------+

| num |

+------------+

| 0x01 |

| 0x08 |

+------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select bin(num),hex(num) from test;

+----------+----------+

| bin(num) | hex(num) |

+----------+----------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 1000 | 8 |

+----------+----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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