Spring中Bean使用简单实践
俗话说:磨刀不误砍柴工。深入学习Spring之前,先创建一个项目用来Spring实践学习用是很有必要的。毕竟千看不如一练,千练不如亲手实践。留下文字记录也便于日后的学习巩固。
项目创建可以用纯Java项目,也可以用Maven工具;后者的优点就是不用手动的管理jar包。不过,目前项目只是用来实践Spring,所以jar包不是太多,两者选其一即可。本次学习研究使用IDEA开发工具,以创建Maven项目为基础进行。以下是是我Maven项目的pom.xml文件,导入的是当前最新版本的Spring(5.2.5.RELEASE),可参考使用。也可以自己创建Java项目, 下载官方Spring文件解压后手动导入libs文件夹中的jar包。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>me</groupId>
<artifactId>springstudy</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<!--Spring版本-->
<spring.version>
5.2.5.RELEASE
</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring 开始 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-indexer</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webflux</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring 结束 -->
<!--通用日志-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
1.Spring诞生前
先创建一个人的类,里边包含两个属性:姓名和年龄
package com.me.spring;
public class Person {
private String name; //姓名
private int age; // 年龄
// getter、setter......
}
在没有Spring之前,我们要使用人这个类,要使用**new **关键字将Person类实例化并设值属性,如下:
package com;
import com.me.spring.Person;
public class SpringMain {
public static void main(String[] args){
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("Tom");
person.setAge(25);
System.out.println("我是"+person.getName()+",今年"+person.getAge+"岁!");
}
}
运行结果:
我是Tom,今年25岁!
2.Spring诞生后
有了Spring后,创建对象这件差事就交给Spring了。首先,要在maven项目中创建一个Spring的bean.xml配置文件,如图:
bean.xml就是Spring的Bean配置,如下:定义一个id为person的bean,class是创建bean的类路径,并且设置bean的两个属性姓名、年龄
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--定义bean-->
<bean id="person" class="com.me.spring.Person">
<property name="name" value="TomBean"></property>
<property name="age" value="20"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
定义好bean后,我们就可以使用它,如下:
package com;
import com.me.spring.Person;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
public class SpringMain {
public static void main(String[] args){
// 加载配置文件
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
// Bean工厂生产bean,实例化对象
XmlBeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
// 获得对象
Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("person");
System.out.println("我是"+person.getName()+",今年"+person.getAge()+"岁!");
}
}
运行结果:
我是TomBean,今年20岁!
也可以这样:
package com;
import com.me.spring.Person;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringMain {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml路径");
Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person");
System.out.println("我是"+person.getName()+",今年"+person.getAge()+"岁!");
}
}
运行结果:
我是TomBean,今年20岁!