python遍历字典列表,python：用列表值遍历一个字典

Given a dictionary of lists, such as

d = {'1':[11,12], '2':[21,21]}

Which is more pythonic or otherwise preferable:

for k in d:

for x in d[k]:

# whatever with k, x

or

for k, dk in d.iteritems():

for x in dk:

# whatever with k, x

or is there something else to consider?

EDIT, in case a list might be useful (e.g., standard dicts don't preserve order), this might be appropriate, although it's much slower.

d2 = d.items()

for k in d2:

for x in d2[1]:

# whatever with k, x

解决方案

Here's a speed test, why not:

import random

numEntries = 1000000

d = dict(zip(range(numEntries), [random.sample(range(0, 100), 2) for x in range(numEntries)]))

def m1(d):

for k in d:

for x in d[k]:

pass

def m2(d):

for k, dk in d.iteritems():

for x in dk:

pass

import cProfile

cProfile.run('m1(d)')

print

cProfile.run('m2(d)')

# Ran 3 trials:

# m1: 0.205, 0.194, 0.193: average 0.197 s

# m2: 0.176, 0.166, 0.173: average 0.172 s

# Method 1 takes 15% more time than method 2

cProfile example output:

3 function calls in 0.194 seconds

Ordered by: standard name

ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)

1 0.000 0.000 0.194 0.194 :1()

1 0.194 0.194 0.194 0.194 stackoverflow.py:7(m1)

1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}

4 function calls in 0.179 seconds

Ordered by: standard name

ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)

1 0.000 0.000 0.179 0.179 :1()

1 0.179 0.179 0.179 0.179 stackoverflow.py:12(m2)

1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}

1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'iteritems' of 'dict' objects}