Java集合（六）ConcurrentHashMap源码解读

concurrentHashMap特点：

线程安全，多线程同步写入

（1）基本属性：

默认容量：16

默认加载因子：0.75

默认并发水平：16
数组最大长度：Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8

（2）构造方法（5个）

public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel)

    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
    }

    public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
                      DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY),
             DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
        putAll(m);
    }

——方法操作

——put()方法：先定位到Segment，再在Segment中进行插入。

插入操作（Segment的put()方法）：

（1）判断扩容（Segment不变，对HashEntry数组进行扩容）

（2）定位插入（HashEntry数组）

不能存储null值

通过key来哈希

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        Segment<K,V> s;
        if (value == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int hash = hash(key);
        int j = (hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask;
        if ((s = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObject          // nonvolatile; recheck
             (segments, (j << SSHIFT) + SBASE)) == null) //  in ensureSegment
            s = ensureSegment(j);
        return s.put(key, hash, value, false);
    }

    private Segment<K,V> ensureSegment(int k) {
        final Segment<K,V>[] ss = this.segments;
        long u = (k << SSHIFT) + SBASE; // raw offset
        Segment<K,V> seg;
        if ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u)) == null) {
            Segment<K,V> proto = ss[0]; // use segment 0 as prototype
            int cap = proto.table.length;
            float lf = proto.loadFactor;
            int threshold = (int)(cap * lf);
            HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = (HashEntry<K,V>[])new HashEntry[cap];
            if ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u))
                == null) { // recheck
                Segment<K,V> s = new Segment<K,V>(lf, threshold, tab);
                while ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u))
                       == null) {
                    if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(ss, u, null, seg = s))
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        return seg;
    }

final V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
            HashEntry<K,V> node = tryLock() ? null :
                scanAndLockForPut(key, hash, value);
            V oldValue;
            try {
                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
                int index = (tab.length - 1) & hash;
                HashEntry<K,V> first = entryAt(tab, index);
                for (HashEntry<K,V> e = first;;) {
                    if (e != null) {
                        K k;
                        if ((k = e.key) == key ||
                            (e.hash == hash && key.equals(k))) {
                            oldValue = e.value;
                            if (!onlyIfAbsent) {
                                e.value = value;
                                ++modCount;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        e = e.next;
                    }
                    else {
                        if (node != null)
                            node.setNext(first);
                        else
                            node = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, first);
                        int c = count + 1;
                        if (c > threshold && tab.length < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
                            rehash(node);
                        else
                            setEntryAt(tab, index, node);
                        ++modCount;
                        count = c;
                        oldValue = null;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                unlock();
            }
            return oldValue;
        }

——get()方法

volatile——无需加锁

条件：key相同，哈希值相等

    public V get(Object key) {
        Segment<K,V> s; // manually integrate access methods to reduce overhead
        HashEntry<K,V>[] tab;
        int h = hash(key);
        long u = (((h >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask) << SSHIFT) + SBASE;
        if ((s = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(segments, u)) != null &&
            (tab = s.table) != null) {
            for (HashEntry<K,V> e = (HashEntry<K,V>) UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile
                     (tab, ((long)(((tab.length - 1) & h)) << TSHIFT) + TBASE);
                 e != null; e = e.next) {
                K k;
                if ((k = e.key) == key || (e.hash == h && key.equals(k)))
                    return e.value;
            }
        }
        

——remove()方法

（1）

    public V remove(Object key) {
        int hash = hash(key);
        Segment<K,V> s = segmentForHash(hash);
        return s == null ? null : s.remove(key, hash, null);
    }

（2）

    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
        int hash = hash(key);
        Segment<K,V> s;
        return value != null && (s = segmentForHash(hash)) != null &&
            s.remove(key, hash, value) != null;
    }

——size()方法

    public int size() {
        // Try a few times to get accurate count. On failure due to
        // continuous async changes in table, resort to locking.
        final Segment<K,V>[] segments = this.segments;
        int size;
        boolean overflow; // true if size overflows 32 bits
        long sum;         // sum of modCounts
        long last = 0L;   // previous sum
        int retries = -1; // first iteration isn't retry
        try {
            for (;;) {
                if (retries++ == RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < segments.length; ++j)
                        ensureSegment(j).lock(); // force creation
                }
                sum = 0L;
                size = 0;
                overflow = false;
                for (int j = 0; j < segments.length; ++j) {
                    Segment<K,V> seg = segmentAt(segments, j);
                    if (seg != null) {
                        sum += seg.modCount;
                        int c = seg.count;
                        if (c < 0 || (size += c) < 0)
                            overflow = true;
                    }
                }
                if (sum == last)
                    break;
                last = sum;
            }
        } finally {
            if (retries > RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK) {
                for (int j = 0; j < segments.length; ++j)
                    segmentAt(segments, j).unlock();
            }
        }
        return overflow ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : size;
    }

问题解决：

1、底层数据结构是什么？

Segment类型数组下存放的HashEntry数组，加链表
2、通过什么保证线程安全？

static final class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable 

内部类Segment继承了ReenterantLock，相等于每个Segment都是一个锁，不需要通过Synchronized加锁。
3、HashTable和concurrentHashMap线程安全保证机制是否一样？

不同

Hashtable通过给方法添加Synchronized关键字来实现同步（即线程安全）；

ConcurrentHashMap则是通过分段，为每段数据加锁。
4、HashMap、HashTable和ConcurrentHashMap区别是什么?

（1）继承关系

HashMap——AbstractMap，实现接口——Map

HashTable——Dictionary，实现接口——Map

ConcurrentHashMap——AbstractMap，实现接口——ConcurrentMap

（2）安全性

线程安全：Hashtable、ConcurrentHashMap

（3）数据结构

数组加链表

ConcurrentHashMap：以分段形式在数组下存储table

（4）扩容

二倍扩容：HashMap、ConcurrentHashMap

二倍加一：Hashtable

（5）null值

可以：HashMap

不能存储null值：Hashtable、ConcurrentHashMap

（6）线程安全机制不同

Hashtable：

ConcurrentHashMap：