CAS引发ABA问题

1. ABA问题

2. 原子引用AtomicReference

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
class User1{
    private String name;
    private int age;
}
public class AtomicReferenceDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User1 zs = new User1("zs", 22);
        User1 ls = new User1("ls", 22);
        AtomicReference<User1> userAtomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
        userAtomicReference.set(zs);
        System.out.println(userAtomicReference.compareAndSet(zs, ls)+"\t"+userAtomicReference.get().toString());
        System.out.println(userAtomicReference.compareAndSet(zs, ls)+"\t"+userAtomicReference.get().toString());
    }
}

//输出
true	User1(name=ls, age=22)
false	User1(name=ls, age=22)

Process finished with exit code 0

3. 时间戳的原子引用

3.1 ABA问题演示

3.2 ABA问题的解决

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;

public class ABADemo {
    private static AtomicReference<Integer> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>(100);
    private static AtomicStampedReference<Integer> stampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(100, 1);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("===以下是ABA问题的产生===");
        new Thread(() -> {
            atomicReference.compareAndSet(100, 101);
            atomicReference.compareAndSet(101, 100);
        }, "t1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            //先暂停1秒 保证完成ABA
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(atomicReference.compareAndSet(100, 2019) + "\t" + atomicReference.get());
        }, "t2").start();
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("===以下是ABA问题的解决===");

        new Thread(() -> {
            int stamp = stampedReference.getStamp(); //拿到版本号
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 第1次版本号" + stamp + "\t值是" + stampedReference.getReference());
            //暂停1秒钟t3线程
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            stampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 101, stampedReference.getStamp(), stampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 第2次版本号" + stampedReference.getStamp() + "\t值是" + stampedReference.getReference());
            stampedReference.compareAndSet(101, 100, stampedReference.getStamp(), stampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 第3次版本号" + stampedReference.getStamp() + "\t值是" + stampedReference.getReference());
        }, "t3").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            int stamp = stampedReference.getStamp();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 第1次版本号" + stamp + "\t值是" + stampedReference.getReference());
            //保证线程3完成1次ABA
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            boolean result = stampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 2019, stamp, stamp + 1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t 修改成功否" + result + "\t最新版本号" + stampedReference.getStamp());
            System.out.println("最新的值\t" + stampedReference.getReference());
        }, "t4").start();

//输出
===以下是ABA问题的产生===
true	2019
===以下是ABA问题的解决===
t3	 第1次版本号1	值是100
t4	 第1次版本号1	值是100
t3	 第2次版本号2	值是101
t3	 第3次版本号3	值是100
t4	 修改成功否false	最新版本号3
最新的值	100

总结：就是新增一种机制，那就是增加时间戳，当时间戳跟要对比的时间戳不一致的话，就说明这个数据在中间被修改过