python----列表

1.创建列表

数组:存储同一数据类型的集合 score = [10,20,30]
列表:可以存储任意数据类型的集合

In [16]: name = ['tom','bob','coco','alice']
In [17]: name                                                           
Out[17]: ['tom', 'bob', 'coco', 'alice']

In [18]: type(name)                                                     
Out[18]: list

• 列表里可以存储不同的数据类型

li = [1,1.2,'hello',True]
print(li)
print(type(li))

• 列表嵌套

li1 = [1,1.2,'hello',True,[1,2,3,4,5]]
print(li1)
print(type(li1))

2.列表的特性

• 索引

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']
print(service[0])
print(service[-1])

• 切片

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']
print(service[1:])
print(service[:-1])
print(service[::-1])

• 重复

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']
print(service * 3)

• 连接

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']
service1 = ['mysql','firewalld']
print(service + service1)

• 成员操作符

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']
service1 = ['mysql','firewalld']
print('mysql' in service)
print('mysql' in service1)

• 迭代

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']
service1 = ['mysql','firewalld']
print('显示所有服务'.center(50,'*'))
for se in service:
    print(se)

• 列表里嵌套列表

service2 = [['http',80],['ssh',22],['ftp',21]]
#索引
print(service2[0][1])
print(service2[-1][1])

#切片
print(service2[:][1])
print(service2[:-1][0])
print(service2[0][:-1])

3.列表的增加

5.列表的删除

In [19]: service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']                           

In [20]: service.pop()                                                  
Out[20]: 'dns'

In [21]: service                                                        
Out[21]: ['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']

In [22]: a = service.pop()                                              

In [23]: service                                                        
Out[23]: ['http', 'ssh']

In [24]: a                                                              
Out[24]: 'ftp'

In [25]: service.pop(0)                                                 
Out[25]: 'http'

In [26]: service                                                        
Out[26]: ['ssh']

In [27]: service.pop()                                                  
Out[27]: 'ssh'

In [28]: service.pop()                                                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError                             Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-28-d8278ea86206> in <module>
----> 1 service.pop()

IndexError: pop from empty list

#remove:删除指定元素
In [30]: service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']                           


In [31]:                                                                

In [31]: a = service.remove('ssh')                                      

In [32]: print(service)                                                 
['http', 'ftp', 'dns']

In [33]: print(a)                                                       
None

In [34]: print(service)                                                 
['http', 'ftp', 'dns']

#从内存中删除列表
In [35]: del service                                                    

In [36]: print(service)   

6.列表的修改

7.列表的查看

8.列表的排序

8.列表练习

1）题目：
假定有下面的列表:
names = [‘fentiao’,‘fendai’,‘fensi’,‘apple’]
输出结果为: ‘I have fentiao, fendai, fensi and apple.’

names = ['fentiao','fendai','fensi','apple']
print('I have ' + ','.join(names[:-1]) + ' and ' + names[-1])

2）题目：
1.系统里面有多个用户，用户的信息目前保存在列表里面
users = [‘root’,‘westos’]
passwd = [‘123’,‘456’]
2.用户登陆(判断用户登陆是否成功
1).判断用户是否存在
2).如果存在
1).判断用户密码是否正确
如果正确，登陆成功，推出循环
如果密码不正确，重新登陆，总共有三次机会登陆
3).如果用户不存在
重新登陆，总共有三次机会

users = ['root','westos']
passwords = ['123','456']

#尝试登录次数
trycount = 0

while trycount < 3:
    inuser = input('用户名: ')
    inpassword = input('密码: ')

    trycount += 1

    if inuser in users:
        index = users.index(inuser)
        password = passwords[index]

        if inpassword == password:
            print('%s登录成功' %(inuser))
            break
        else:
            print('%s登录失败 : 密码错误' %inuser)
    else:
        print('用户%s不存在' %inuser)
else:
    print('尝试超过三次，请稍后再试')