python----装饰器

1.装饰器的作用

装饰器：
把一个函数当作参数，返回一个替代版的函数
本质就是一个返回函数的函数

“在不改变原函数的基础上，给函数增加功能”

def desc(fun):
    def add_info():
        print('清明节快乐～')
        fun()
    return add_info


@desc
def login():
    # print('清明节快乐～')
    print('login...')
@desc
def logout():
    print('logout...')

login()
logout()

对修改是封闭的，对扩展是开放的

import time


def f1():
    # print(time.time())
    print('This is a function...')

def f2():
    print('This is a function...')
# print(time.time())
# f1()

def print_current_time(func):
    print(time.time())
    func()

print_current_time(f1)
print_current_time(f2)

import time


def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print(time.time())
        func()
    return wrapper

@decorator
def f1():
    print('This is a function...')

def f2():
    print('This is a function...')

# f = decorator(f1)
f1()

import time

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args):
        print(time.time())
        func(*args)
    return wrapper

@decorator
def f1(func_name):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name)

@decorator
def f2(func_name1,func_name2):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name1)
    print('This is a function ' + func_name2)

f1('test')
f2('test1','test2')

import time


def decorator(func):
    def warpper(*args,**kwargs):
        print(time.time())
        func(*args,**kwargs)
    return warpper


@decorator
def f1(func_name):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name)

@decorator
def f2(func_name1,func_name2):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name1)
    print('This is a function ' + func_name2)

@decorator
def f3(func_name1,func_name2,**kwargs):
    print('This is a function ' + func_name1)
    print('This is a function ' + func_name2)
    print(kwargs)

f1('test')
f2('test1','test2')
f3('test1','test2',a=1,b=2,c='westos')

import time
import functools

def add_log(fun):
    @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        start_time = time.time()
        res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
        end_time = time.time()
        print('[%s] 函数名: %s, 运行时间: %6f,运行返回值结果: %d' %(time.ctime(),fun.__name__,end_time - start_time,res))
        return res
    return wrapper

@add_log
def add(x,y):
    time.sleep(1)
    return x + y

add(1,2)

2.多个装饰器使用

def decorator_a(fun):
    print('Get in decorator_a')

    def inner_a(*args, **kwargs):
        print('Get in inner_a')
        res = fun(*args, **kwargs)
        return res

    return inner_a


def decorator_b(fun):
    print('Get in decorator_b')

    def inner_b(*args, **kwargs):
        print('Get in inner_b')
        res = fun(*args, **kwargs)
        return res

    return inner_b


@decorator_a
@decorator_b
def f(x):
    print('Get in f')
    return x * 2

f(2)

3.装饰器练习

1）题目：
装饰器实现一个函数计时器

import time
import random
import string
import functools

li = [random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(100)]
print(li)

def Timer(fun):
    """这是一个装饰器Timer"""
    # @functools.wraps(fun)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        """这是一个wrapper函数"""
        start_time = time.time()
        res = fun(*args,**kwargs)
        end_time = time.time()
        print('运行时间为: %.5f' %(end_time - start_time))
        return res
    return wrapper

@Timer
def con_add():
    s = ''
    for i in li:
        s += (i + ',')
    print(s)

@Timer
def join_add():
    print(','.join(li))

@Timer
def fun_list(n):
    """这是fun_list函数"""
    return [i * 2 for i in range(n)]

@Timer
def fun_map(n):
    return list(map(lambda x:x*2,range(n)))

con_add()
join_add()

print(fun_list(100))
print(fun_map(100))

print(fun_list.__doc__)
print(fun_list.__name__)

print(time.ctime())

2）题目：
编写装饰器required_types, 条件如下:
(1). 当装饰器为@required_types(int,float)确保函数接收到的
每一个参数都是int或者float类型;
(2). 当装饰器为@required_types(list)确保函数接收到的每一>个参数都是list类型;
(3). 当装饰器为@required_types(str,int)确保函数接收到的每
一个参数都是str或者int类型;
(4). 如果参数不满足条件， 打印 TypeError:参数必须为xxxx类
型

import functools


def required_types(*kinds):
    def required_int(fun):
        @functools.wraps(fun)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for i in args:
                if not isinstance(i, kinds):
                    # print('TypeError:参数必须为',kinds)
                    # break
                    raise TypeError('参数必须为%s,%s' % kinds)
            else:
                res = fun(*args, **kwargs)
                return res

        return wrapper

    return required_int


@required_types(float, float)
def add(a, b):
    return a + b


print(add(1.1, 2.0))