oracle 里面pragma,oracle中关键字pragma解释

PRAGMA是一个编译指示(或命令)。

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编译指示在编译时被处理，它们不在运行时执行

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编译指示是对编译程序发出的特殊指令。

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它也称为伪指令(pseudoinstruction)，不会改变程序的含义。

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它只是向编译程序传递信息 ，实际上它是非常类似于嵌在 SQL 语句的注释中的性能调整提示。

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EXCEPTION_INIT

将一个特定的错误号与程序中所声明的异常标示符关联起来。

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"向EMP表插入数据时，因为DEPT与EMP之间存在主从关系，如果部门号在部门表中不存在就会触发ORA-2291错误。"

Create or replace procedure add_emp(.....)

is

e_2291 EXCEPTION;--异常标示符

PRAGMA EXCEpTION_INIT(e_2291,-2291);--

BEGIN

.....

END;

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另:

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RESTRICT_REFERENCES

告诉编译程序打包程序的纯度。

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SERIALLY_REUSABLE

告诉PL/SQL 的运行时引擎，在数据引用之时不要保持包级数据。

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DECLARE

e_products_invalid EXCEPTION;

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (e_products_invalid,

-2292);

v_message VARCHAR2(50);

BEGIN

. . .

EXCEPTION

WHEN e_products_invalid THEN

v_message :=

'Product code specified is not valid.';

. . .

END;

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PRAGMA是单词pragmatics的简写。

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A pragma is a compiler directive, which can be thought of as a

parenthetical remark to the compiler.

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Pragmas (also called pseudoinstructions) are processed at compile

time, not at run time.

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For example, In PL/SQL,

the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT tells the compiler to associate an

exception name with an Oracle error number. ============

That allows you to refer to any internal exception by name and to

write a specific handler for it.:

DECLARE

deadlock_detected EXCEPTION;

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(deadlock_detected, -60);

BEGIN

...

EXCEPTION

WHEN deadlock_detected THEN

-- handle the error

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