实验二
二维及三维图形基本变换的实现
一、实验学时 4学时
二、实验类型 设计型实验
三、实验目的和要求
1、
掌握二维图形变换的原理,对一条直线实现二维基本变换(平移、错切、比例、旋转)。
2、
掌握三维图形变换的原理,画一个立方体,实现对该图形的三维基本变换(平移、错切、比例、旋转)。
四、实验内容
1、画一条直线,实现基本二维图形变换
2、画一个立方体,实现基本的二维图形变换。
五、源代码如下:
二维图形变换:
#include
#include
#include
int initjuzhen(m)
int m[3][3];
{ int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
m[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
m[i][i]=1;
}
main()
{ int
x0,y0,x1,y1,i,j;
int a[3][3];
char key;
int graphdriver=DETECT;
int graphmode=0;
initgraph(&graphdriver,&graphmode,"
");
cleardevice();
x0=250;y0=120;x1=350;y1=220;
line(x0,y0,x1,y1);
for(;;)
{
outtextxy(10,10,"
->:right
^:up
v:down
Esc->exit");
key=getch();
initjuzhen(a);
switch(key)
{
case 75:
a[2][0]=-10;break;
case 77:
a[2][0]=10;break;
case 72:
a[2][1]=-10;break;
case 80:
a[2][1]=10;break;
case 27:
exit();break;
}
x0=x0*a[0][0]+y0*a[1][0]+a[2][0];
y0=x0*a[0][1]+y0*a[1][1]+a[2][1];
x1=x1*a[0][0]+y1*a[1][0]+a[2][0];
y1=x1*a[0][1]+y1*a[1][1]+a[2][1];
clearviewport();
line(x0,y0,x1,y1);
}
closegraph();
}
三维图形变换:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define ZOOM_IN
0.9
#define ZOOM_OUT
1.1
int turn1[3];
typedef struct
{ float x;
float y;
float z;
}
point;
typedef struct
{ float x;
float y;
} point2d;
typedef struct
{
float x;
float y;
float h;
point biao[8];
} fanti;
void make_box(float x,float y,float h,fanti
*p)
{
p->x=x;p->y=y;p->h=h;
p->biao[0].x=x/2;
p->biao[0].y=y/2;
p->biao[0].z=h/2;
p->biao[1].x=-x/2;
p->biao[1].y=y/2;
p->biao[1].z=h/2;
p->biao[2].x=-x/2;
p->biao[2].y=-y/2;
p->biao[2].z=h/2;
p->biao[3].x=x/2;
p->biao[3].y=-y/2;
p->biao[3].z=h/2;
p->biao[4].x=x/2;
p->biao[4].y=y/2;
p->biao[4].z=-h/2;
p->biao[5].x=-x/2;
p->biao[5].y=y/2;
p->biao[5].z=-h/2;
p->biao[6].x=-x/2;
p->biao[6].y=-y/2;
p->biao[6].z=-h/2;
p->biao[7].x=x/2;
p->biao[7].y=-y/2;
p->biao[7].z=-h/2;
}
void trun2d(point *p,point2d *q)
{
q->x=p->x+p->z*cos(0.25);
q->y=p->y+p->z*sin(0.25);
}
void initm(float mat[][4])
{
int count;
for(count=0;count<4;count++)
{
mat[count][0]=0.;
mat[count][1]=0.;
mat[count][2]=0.;
mat[count][3]=0.;
mat[count][count]=1.;
}
return;
}
void transfrom(point *p,point *q,float
tm[][4])
{
float xu,yv,zw,h;
xu=tm[0][0]*p->x+tm[1][0]*p->y+tm[2][0]*p->z+tm[3][0];
yv=tm[0][1]*p->x+tm[1][1]*p->y+tm[2][1]*p->z+tm[3][1];
zw=tm[0][2]*p->x+tm[1][2]*p->y+tm[2][2]*p->z+tm[3][2];
p->x=xu;
p->y=yv;
p->z=zw;
return;
}
void rotationx(point *p,float alfa,float
tm[][4])
{
float
rad=0.0174532925;
initm(tm);
tm[1][1]=cos(rad*alfa);
tm[1][2]=sin(rad*alfa);
tm[2][1]=-tm[1][2];
tm[2][2]=tm[1][1];
return;
}
void rotationz(point *p,float alfa,float
tm[][4])
{
float
rad=0.0174532925;
initm(tm);
tm[0][0]=cos(rad*alfa);
tm[0][1]=sin(rad*alfa);
tm[1][0]=-tm[0][1];
tm[1][1]=tm[0][0];
return;
}
void rotationy(point *p,float alfa,float
tm[][4])
{
float
rad=0.0174532925;
initm(tm);
tm[0][0]=cos(rad*alfa);
tm[2][0]=sin(rad*alfa);
tm[0][2]=-tm[2][0];
tm[2][2]=tm[0][0];
return;
}
void adjust(point *p,point *q)
{ float
t[4][4];
switch(turn1[0])
{
case 1:
rotationy(p,2,t);
transfrom(p,q,t);
break;
case -1:
rotationy(p,-2,t);
transfrom(p,q,t);
break;
default: break;
}
switch(turn1[1])
{
case 1:
rotationz(p,2,t);
transfrom(p,q,t);
break;
case -1:
rotationz(p,-2,t);
transfrom(p,q,t);
break;
default: break;
}
switch(turn1[2])
{
case 1:
q->x=ZOOM_IN*p->x;
q->y=ZOOM_IN*p->y;
q->z=ZOOM_IN*p->z;
break;
case -1:
q->x=ZOOM_OUT*p->x;
q->y=ZOOM_OUT*p->y;
q->z=ZOOM_OUT*p->z;
break;
default: break;
}
}
void drawbox(fanti *p)
{ point2d
fan2d[8];
int
i;
for(i=0;i<=7;i++)
{
adjust(&p->biao[i],&p->biao[i]);
trun2d(&p->biao[i],&fan2d[i]);
fan2d[i].x+=300;
fan2d[i].y+=200;
}
clearviewport();
outtext("\n
-> :right\n
:up\n
v
:down");
moveto(0,10);
outtext("\n page up :zoom
in\n page
down :zoom out\n space
:Redraw\n
Esc :exit");
for(i=0;i<=3;i++)
{
if(i==3)
{
line(fan2d[i].x,fan2d[i].y,fan2d[0].x,fan2d[0].y);
line(fan2d[i+4].x,fan2d[i+4].y,fan2d[4].x,fan2d[4].y);
}
else
{
line(fan2d[i].x,fan2d[i].y,fan2d[i+1].x,fan2d[i+1].y);
line(fan2d[i+4].x,fan2d[i+4].y,fan2d[i+5].x,fan2d[i+5].y);
}
line(fan2d[i].x,fan2d[i].y,fan2d[i+4].x,fan2d[i+4].y);
}
}
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,i,j;
char key;
float x,y,h;
fanti a1;
x=100;
y=100;
h=100;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
make_box(x,y,h,&a1);
drawbox(&a1);
for(;;)
{
turn1[0]=0;
turn1[1]=0;
turn1[2]=0;
key=getch();
switch(key)
{ case 77:turn1[0]=1;
break;
case 75:turn1[0]=-1;
break;
case 72:turn1[1]=1;
break;
case 80:turn1[1]=-1;
break;
case 73:turn1[2]=1;
break;
case
81:turn1[2]=-1;
break;
case
32:make_box(x,y,h,&a1); break;
case 27:
exit();break;
default
:key=0;break;
}
if(key!=0) drawbox(&a1);
}
closegraph();
}