python mysql 树莓派_树莓派安装ubuntu-server，配置镜像，安装python/mysql/samba记录

目标：

1/在raspberrypi 3B上安装ubuntu-server

2/配置好python/mysql/samba等服务，实现爬虫稳定运行

我的硬件准备：

1/raspberrypi 3B

2/16G class10 micro sd卡/读卡器

3/Hdmi转VGA转接头/usb键盘

软件准备：

1/win32diskimager-1.0.0-install.exe

(https://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/win32diskimager/Archive/win32diskimager-1.0.0-install.exe)

2/ubuntu-mate-16.04.2-desktop-armhf-raspberry-pi.img

(https://www.finnie.org/software/raspberrypi/ubuntu-rpi3/ubuntu-16.04-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi3.img.xz)

安装过程：

step1:安装ubuntu-server

1/将内存卡格式化为FAT32

2/打开win32diskmager，将解压过的ubuntu img文件写入sd卡

3/修改sd卡中的config.txt，以保证启动时hdmi接口有视频信号。hdmi转vga，修改如下：

a)hdmi_safe=1

b)framebuffer_width=800

framebuffer_height=600

c)hdmi_force_hotplug=1

d)hdmi_group=2

hdmi_mode=35

e)hdmi_drive=2

f)config_hdmi_boost=4

具体原理参看(http://www.ncnynl.com/archives/201607/228.html)

4/将sd插入树莓派，连接hdmi接口和键盘，而后连接电源

5/开始程序结束后，输入默认用户名ubuntu和密码ubuntu，设置新密码。使用sudu passwd root设置root密码

6/修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config，改PermitRootLogin=yes，sshd restart以使root账户可ssh登录

step2:安装镜像站和软件：

1/国内只有中科大为基于armhf的ubuntu提供镜像。vi /etc/apt/source.list，添加配置，具体见：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu-ports.html

2/apt-get install aptitude && aptitude update && aptitude disk-upgrade 若未软件未完全升级，则再disk-upgrade一遍

3/aptitude install python2.7 && ln -s /user/bin/python2.7 /user/bin/python && aptitude install python-pip

4/新建文件夹和文件~/.pip/pip.conf，添加pip镜像配置，具体见http://www.cnblogs.com/microman/p/6107879.html

5/aptitude install mysql-server. 而后，增加utf8mb4字符集配置(http://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5855616.html)，sql模式配置　　(http://www.cnblogs.com/ainiaa/archive/2010/12/31/1923002.html)，以及mysql远程访问(http://www.cnblogs.com/machine/p/3317190.html)。具体分两步：

a)更新/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[client]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

character-set-client-handshake = FALSE

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

sql_mode='NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER'

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

b)更新/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

注释掉 bind_address=127.0.0.1这一行

6/安装samba，配置参见http://blog.csdn.net/splenday/article/details/47116969，或简单地修改/etc/samba/smb.conf

workgroup = WORKGROUP 下增加security = user

最后添加[share]

path=/tasks

public=yes

writable=no

step3:大坑(disk-upgrade后可能重启时无法启动)

1/树莓派没有BIOS，其启动配置在config.txt里，aptitude disk-upgrade后可能导致重启时，遇到

No FDT memory address configured. Please configure the FDT address via "fdt add " command.

ERROR: Did not find a cmbline Flattened Device Tree等错误

此时，需将sd卡拔出，修改config文件：

注释掉 device_tree_address=0x100

device_tree_end=0x8000

增添 device_tree_address=0x02008000

而后重启

具体参见(https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/65913/ubuntu-server-on-raspi-3-poweroff-how-to-reboot/65952)

补充：

1/我用的是5V3A的供电插头，可直接带起移动硬盘(硬盘无需额外供电)

2/我用爬虫使用进城池(10进程)爬取某站图片和其他数据，毫无压力。速度比i5 16G的服务器稍慢。但完全满意。