MySQL日期时间的处理,在其官网文档上都有详细的阐述,想了解更多的同学可自行查阅。
1.查询当前日期时间:函数有now(),localtime(),current_timestamp(),sysdate()。
mysql> select now(),localtime(),current_timestamp(),sysdate();+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| now() | localtime() | current_timestamp() | sysdate() |
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2015-04-16 09:29:18 | 2015-04-16 09:29:18 | 2015-04-16 09:29:18 | 2015-04-16 09:29:18 |
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
但是now()与sysdate()有点差异的,一个语句中now()的值是不变的,而sysdate()是动态获取的,例如
mysql> select now(),sleep(2),now();+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| now() | sleep(2) | now() |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2015-04-16 09:34:30 | 0 | 2015-04-16 09:34:30 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (2.00sec)
mysql> select sysdate(),sleep(2),sysdate();+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| sysdate() | sleep(2) | sysdate() |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2015-04-16 09:35:15 | 0 | 2015-04-16 09:35:17 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (2.00sec)-----有此结果可以看出,一般在生成环境中最好使用now(),当然也可以使用sysdate-is-now参数改变sysdate()的行为和now()一样------
2.获取当前日期,curdate()=current_date()=current_date
mysql> select curdate(),current_date(),current_date;+------------+----------------+--------------+
| curdate() | current_date() | current_date |
+------------+----------------+--------------+
| 2015-04-16 | 2015-04-16 | 2015-04-16 |
+------------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.获取当前时间,curtime()=current_time()=current_time
mysql> select curtime(),current_time(),current_time;+-----------+----------------+--------------+
| curtime() | current_time() | current_time |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+
| 09:42:17 | 09:42:17 | 09:42:17 |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.获取UTC日期时间,utc_date(),utc_time(),utc_timestamp(),中国属于东八区,故+8小时即可
mysql> selectutc_date(),utc_time(),utc_timestamp();+------------+------------+---------------------+
| utc_date() | utc_time() | utc_timestamp() |
+------------+------------+---------------------+
| 2015-04-16 | 01:55:23 | 2015-04-16 01:55:23 |
+------------+------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.获取年,月,日
mysql> select year(now()),month(now()),day(now());+-------------+--------------+------------+
| year(now()) | month(now()) | day(now()) |
+-------------+--------------+------------+
| 2015 | 4 | 16 |
+-------------+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6.获取当前星期几,几月,以英文返回,dayname(),monthname()
mysql> selectdayname(curdate()),monthname(curdate());+--------------------+----------------------+
| dayname(curdate()) | monthname(curdate()) |
+--------------------+----------------------+
| Thursday | April |
+--------------------+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
7.获取某个日期在周,月,年中的位置,dayofweek(),dayofmonth,dayofyear(),如要返回中文周几,可以在程序中进行逻辑
mysql> set @d=now();
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.03sec)
mysql> select dayofweek(@d),dayofmonth(@d),dayofyear(@d);+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| dayofweek(@d) | dayofmonth(@d) | dayofyear(@d) |
+---------------+----------------+---------------+
| 5 | 16 | 106 |
+---------------+----------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
8.获取一个月的最后一天,last_day(),利用它可以得到某个月有多少天
mysql> select last_day(@d),day(last_day(@d));+--------------+-------------------+
| last_day(@d) | day(last_day(@d)) |
+--------------+-------------------+
| 2015-04-30 | 30 |
+--------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
9.获取某天位于一年中的第N周week(date,3)=weekofyear(),week()函数的第二个参数用来设定以星期几做为一周的开始
mysql> select week(@d,3),weekofyear(@d);+------------+----------------+
| week(@d,3) | weekofyear(@d) |
+------------+----------------+
| 16 | 16 |
+------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
10.获取两个日期或者两个时间的相差,datediff(),timediff()
mysql> select datediff(curdate(),'2015-02-15'),timediff(curtime(),'09:09:09')+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| datediff(curdate(),'2015-02-15') | timediff(curtime(),'09:09:09') |
+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| 60 | 01:21:20 |
+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
11.为日期加上或减去一个间隔,date_add(),date_sub()
mysql> select date_add(curdate(),interval 1 day),date_sub(curdate(),interval 1 day);+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| date_add(curdate(),interval 1 day) | date_sub(curdate(),interval 1 day) |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 2015-04-17 | 2015-04-15 |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03sec)
mysql> select date_add(@d,interval '01:15:09' hour_second),date_sub(@d,interval '01:15:09'hour_second);+----------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@d,interval '01:15:09' hour_second) | date_sub(@d,interval '01:15:09' hour_second) |
+----------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 2015-04-16 11:21:42 | 2015-04-16 08:51:24 |
+----------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
12.时间与秒的转换,time_to_sec(),sec_to_time()
mysql> select time_to_sec(@d),sec_to_time(12389);+-----------------+--------------------+
| time_to_sec(@d) | sec_to_time(12389) |
+-----------------+--------------------+
| 36393 | 03:26:29 |
+-----------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
13.日期与天数的转换,to_days(),from_days()
mysql> select to_days(@d),from_days(1460000);+-------------+--------------------+
| to_days(@d) | from_days(1460000) |
+-------------+--------------------+
| 736069 | 3997-05-06 |
+-------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
14.字符串转换为日期,str_to_date(date,format)
mysql> select str_to_date('09/09/20','%Y/%m/%d');+------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('09/09/20','%Y/%m/%d') |
+------------------------------------+
| 2009-09-20 |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> select str_to_date('09.09.20','%Y.%m.%d');+------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('09.09.20','%Y.%m.%d') |
+------------------------------------+
| 2009-09-20 |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
format标志含义:
%a Abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)%b Abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)%c Month, numeric (0..12)%D Day of the month withEnglish suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, …)%d Day of the month, numeric (00..31)%e Day of the month, numeric (0..31)%f Microseconds (000000..999999)%H Hour (00..23)%h Hour (01..12)%I Hour (01..12)%i Minutes, numeric (00..59)%j Day of year (001..366)%k Hour (0..23)%l Hour (1..12)%M Monthname (January..December)%m Month, numeric (00..12)%p AM orPM%r Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM orPM)%S Seconds (00..59)%s Seconds (00..59)%T Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)%U Week (00..53), where Sunday is the first day ofthe week%u Week (00..53), where Monday is the first day ofthe week%V Week (01..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; used with %X%v Week (01..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; used with %x%W Weekday name (Sunday..Saturday)%w Day of the week (0=Sunday..6=Saturday)%X Year for the week where Sunday is the first day ofthe week, numeric, four digits;
usedwith %V%x Year for the week, where Monday is the first day ofthe week, numeric, four
digits; usedwith %v%Y Year, numeric, four digits%y Year, numeric (two digits)%% A literal “%” character
%x x, for any “x” not listed above
15.日期格式化,date_format(str,format)
mysql> select date_format('09.09.20','%Y:%m:%d');+------------------------------------+
| date_format('09.09.20','%Y:%m:%d') |
+------------------------------------+
| 2009:09:20 |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
16.日期/时间拼凑,makedate(year,dayofyear),maketime(hour,minute,second)
mysql> select makedate(2015,200),maketime(13,20,15);+--------------------+--------------------+
| makedate(2015,200) | maketime(13,20,15) |
+--------------------+--------------------+
| 2015-07-19 | 13:20:15 |
+--------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
17.unix时间戳,时间戳转换等,unix_timestamp(date),timestamp(date)
mysql> select unix_timestamp(),unix_timestamp('2009-09-09'),timestamp(now());+------------------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| unix_timestamp() | unix_timestamp('2009-09-09') | timestamp(now()) |
+------------------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1429153960 | 1252425600 | 2015-04-16 11:12:40 |
+------------------+------------------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
18.在应用中碰到需要比较日期时,比如获取某一天的数据,不能使用“=”等于号来比较,使用"<>",比如
select * from users where regDate='2009-10-22' //如果使用regDate='2009-10-22'相当于00:00:00
19.知道用户的生日得到年龄
mysql> select year(curdate())-year('1990-07-30')-(right(curdate(),5)
| age |
+------+
| 24 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)