在定义FILE * fp
之后,fopen的用法是: fp =
fopen(filename,"w")。而对于fopen_s来说,还得定义另外一个变量errno_t err,然后err =
fopen_s(&fp,filename,"w")。返回值的话,对于fopen来说,打开文件成功的话返回文件指针(赋值给fp),打开失败则返回NULL值;对于fopen_s来说,打开文件成功返回0,失败返回非0。
在vs编程中,经常会有这样的警告:warning
C4996: 'fopen': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider
using fopen_s instead. To disable deprecation,
use_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for
details. 是因为 fopen_s比fopen多了溢出检测,更安全一些。(在以后的文章里还有get与get_s的比较,strcpy
strcpy_s的比较,他们的共同点都是用来一些不可预料的行为,以后将进行详尽解释)
#include
FILE *stream,
*stream2;
int main( void
)
{
int numclosed;
errno_t err;
// Open for read (will fail if file "crt_fopen_s.c" does not
exist)
if( (err =
fopen_s( &stream, "crt_fopen_s.c", "r" )) !=0
)
printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was not opened\n" );
else
printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was opened\n" );
// Open for write if( (err = fopen_s(
&stream2, "data2", "w+" )) != 0 )
printf( "The file 'data2' was not opened\n" );
else
printf( "The file 'data2' was opened\n" );
// Close stream if it is not NULL if( stream)
{
if ( fclose( stream ) )
{
printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was not closed\n" );
}
}
// All other files are closed:
numclosed = _fcloseall(
);
printf( "Number of files
closed by _fcloseall: %u\n", numclosed );
}
fscanf和fscanf_s用法的比较
fscanf 和 fscanf_s
fscanf用法:fscanf(fp,"%d",&var)
fscanf_s用法:fscanf(fp,"%d",&var,sizeof(int))
区别:fscanf_s需要指定长度
fscanf(格式化字符串输入)
相关函数
scanf,sscanf
表头文件
#include
定义函数
int fscanf(FILE * stream ,const char
*format,....);
函数说明
fscanf()会自参数stream的文件流中读取字符串,再根据参数format字符串来转换并格式化数据。格式转换形式请参考scanf()。转换后的结构存于对应的参数内。
返回值
成功则返回参数数目,失败则返回-1,错误原因存于errno中。
附加说明
范例
#include
main()
{
int i;
unsigned int j;
char s[5];
fscanf(stdin,”%d %x %5[a-z] %*s
%f”,&i,&j,s,s);
printf(“%d %d %s \n”,i,j,s);
}
执行
10 0x1b aaaaaaaaa bbbbbbbbbb
10 27 aaaaa
fscanf函数:
fscanf(fp,"%s",temp_str);和fscanf(fp,"%lf",&min_snr);
fscanf就是从文件中读取数据,保存到第三个参数开始的变量里,fp是一个FILE类型的指针。fscanf(fp,"%s",temp_str);
//
就是从文件指针fp里面读取一个字符串,保存到temp_str里面,跟scanf差不多,只是scanf是从键盘输入,fscanf是从文件里读取fscanf(fp,"%lf",&min_snr);