在定义FILE * fp之后,fopen的用法是: fp =fopen(filename,"w")。而对于fopen_s来说,还得定义另外一个变量errno_t err,然后err =fopen_s(&fp,filename,"w")。返回值的话,对于fopen来说,打开文件成功的话返回文件指针(赋值给fp),打开失败则返回NULL值;对于fopen_s来说,打开文件成功返回0,失败返回非0。
在vs编程中,经常会有这样的警告:warningC4996: 'fopen': This function or variable may be unsafe. Considerusing fopen_s instead. To disable deprecation,use_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help fordetails. 是因为 fopen_s比fopen多了溢出检测,更安全一些。(在以后的文章里还有get与get_s的比较,strcpystrcpy_s的比较,他们的共同点都是用来一些不可预料的行为,以后将进行详尽解释)
#include
FILE *stream,*stream2;
int main( void)
{
int numclosed;
errno_t err;
// Open for read (will fail if file "crt_fopen_s.c" does notexist)
if( (err =fopen_s( &stream, "crt_fopen_s.c", "r" )) !=0)
printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was not opened\n" );
else
printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was opened\n" );
// Open for write
if( (err = fopen_s(&stream2, "data2", "w+" )) != 0 )
printf( "The file 'data2' was not opened\n" );
else
printf( "The file 'data2' was opened\n" );
// Close stream if it is not NULL
if( stream)
{
if ( fclose( stream ) )
{
printf( "The file 'crt_fopen_s.c' was not closed\n" );
}
}
// All other files are closed:
numclosed = _fcloseall();
printf( "Number of filesclosed by _fcloseall: %u\n", numclosed );
}
fscanf和fscanf_s用法的比较
fscanf 和 fscanf_s
fscanf用法:fscanf(fp,"%d",&var)
fscanf_s用法:fscanf(fp,"%d",&var,sizeof(int))
区别:fscanf_s需要指定长度
fscanf(格式化字符串输入) |
相关函数
| scanf,sscanf |
表头文件
| #include<stdio.h> |
定义函数
| int fscanf(FILE * stream ,const char*format,....); |
函数说明
| fscanf()会自参数stream的文件流中读取字符串,再根据参数format字符串来转换并格式化数据。格式转换形式请参考scanf()。转换后的结构存于对应的参数内。 |
返回值
| 成功则返回参数数目,失败则返回-1,错误原因存于errno中。 |
附加说明
| |
范例
| #include<stdio.h> main() { int i; unsigned int j; char s[5]; fscanf(stdin,”%d %x %5[a-z] %*s%f”,&i,&j,s,s); printf(“%d %d %s \n”,i,j,s); } |
执行
| 10 0x1b aaaaaaaaa bbbbbbbbbb 10 27 aaaaa |
fscanf函数:
fscanf(fp,"%s",temp_str);和fscanf(fp,"%lf",&min_snr);
fscanf就是从文件中读取数据,保存到第三个参数开始的变量里,fp是一个FILE类型的指针。fscanf(fp,"%s",temp_str); //就是从文件指针fp里面读取一个字符串,保存到temp_str里面,跟scanf差不多,只是scanf是从键盘输入,fscanf是从文件里读取fscanf(fp,"%lf",&min_snr);