python入门环境准备_pytest1-环境准备与入门

前言

首先说下为什么要学pytest，此处给出两条理由，第一条已经足够：

学会了可以装大神

避免被面试官鄙视

pytest简介

pytest是python的一种单元测试框架，与Python自带的unittest测试框架类似，但是比unittest框架使用起来更简洁，效率更高。它有如下特点：

非常容易上手，入门简单，文档丰富

支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试

支持参数化

执行测试过程中可以跳过某些测试

支持重复运行失败的测试用例

支持运行由nose和unittest编写的测试用例

可以生成HTML报告

方便地和持续集成工具jenkins集成

支持执行部分用例

具有很多第三方插件，并且可以自定义扩展

安装pytest

安装方法

pip install -U pytest

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]

版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install -U pytest

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Collecting pytest

Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/d6/36/9e022b76a3ac440e1d750c64fa6152469f988efe0c568b945e396e2693b5/pytest-6.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (272kB)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pluggy<1.0,>=0.12 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (0.13.1)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: colorama; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (0.4.3)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: attrs>=17.4.0 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest)(19.3.0)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: iniconfig in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (1.0.1)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: py>=1.8.2 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (1.9.0)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: packaging in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (20.4)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: toml in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (0.10.0)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: atomicwrites>=1.0; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest) (1.4.0)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest)(1.14.0)

Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest) (2.4.7)

Installing collected packages: pytest

Successfully installed pytest-6.1.1

查看安装版本

pip show pytest

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]

版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\Administrator>pip show pytest

Name: pytest

Version: 6.1.1

Summary: pytest: simple powerful testing with Python

Home-page: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/

Author: Holger Krekel, Bruno Oliveira, Ronny Pfannschmidt, Floris Bruynooghe, Bianna Laugher, Florian Bruhin and others

Author-email: None

License: MIT

Location: c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\sit-packages

Requires: packaging, colorama, toml, iniconfig, pluggy, attrs, atomicwrites, py

Required-by:

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest --version

pytest 6.1.1

C:\Users\Administrator>pytest -V

pytest 6.1.1

也可以通过pytest --verson或者pytest -V查看安装的版本

快速开始

1.新建一个test_sample.py文件，写一下代码

# content of test_sample.py

def func(x):

return x + 1

def test_answer():

assert func(3) == 5

2.打开test_sample.py所在文件夹，cmd窗口输入：pytest

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]

版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\Administrator>G:

G:\>cd pytest

G:\pytest>pytest

============================= test session starts =============================

platform win32 -- Python 3.8.6, pytest-6.1.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1

rootdir: G:\pytest

collected 1 item

test_sample.py F [100%]

================================== FAILURES ===================================

_________________________________ test_answer _________________________________

def test_answer():

> assert func(3) == 5

E assert 4 == 5

E + where 4 = func(3)

test_sample.py:6: AssertionError

=========================== short test summary info ===========================

FAILED test_sample.py::test_answer - assert 4 == 5

============================== 1 failed in 1.98s ==============================

3.pytest运行规则：

查找当前目录及其子目录下以test_*.py或*_test.py文件，找到文件后，在文件中找到以test开头函数并执行。

测试类

前面是写的一个test开头的测试用例，当用例有多个的时候，写函数就不太合适了。这时可以把多个测试用例写到一个测试类里。

# content of test_class.py

class TestClass:

def test_one(self):

x = 'this'

assert 'h' in x

def test_two(self):

x = 'hello'

assert hasattr(x, 'check')

2.打开test_class.py所在文件夹，cmd窗口输入：pytest -q test_class.py

G:\pytest>pytest -q test_class.py

.F [100%]

================================== FAILURES ===================================

_____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________

self =

def test_two(self):

x = 'hello'

> assert hasattr(x, 'check')

E AssertionError: assert False

E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check')

test_class.py:8: AssertionError

=========================== short test summary info ===========================

FAILED test_class.py::TestClass::test_two - AssertionError: assert False

1 failed, 1 passed in 2.50s

第一条测试用例通过，第二条测试用例失败，您可以在断言中轻松查看失败的原因。

3.pytest会找到符合规则(test_*.py和*_test.py)的所有测试，因此它发现两个test_前缀功能。如果只想运行其中一个，可以指定传递文件名test_class.py来运行该模块。

PS：-q，--quiet decrease verbosity(显示简单结果)

pytest -q test_class.py

pytest用例规则

测试文件以test_*.py或*_test.py命名

测试类以Test开头，并且不能带有__init__方法

测试函数以test_开头

断言使用assert