java lock_java 中Lock的使用【转】

本文详细介绍了ReentrantLock在多线程环境下的原子执行特性,如何实现不同代码块的互斥,并演示了嗅探锁定和多路通知功能,包括Condition对象的应用。通过实例展示,探讨了公平锁与非公平锁的区别和应用场景。
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ReentrantLock也能够让代码块原子执行,但是比synchronized更加强大,ReentrantLock具有嗅探锁定、多路分支通知等功能。

嗅探锁定:是指获取锁时如果锁已经被其他线程获取到ReentrantLock可以进行指定等待时间获取锁或者

多路分支通知:是指线程发生await时,线程可以选择注册在不同的监视器Condition对象上,在适当的时候可以选择指定的监视器Condition对象上的线程进行signal通知、执行

1、多线程执行同一代码块互斥

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

class MyService {

private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

public void method() {

try {

lock.lock();

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

Thread.sleep(1000);

System.out.println("ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

}

class MyThread extends Thread {

private MyService service;

MyThread(MyService service) {

this.service = service;

}

@Override

public void run() {

service.method();

}

}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyService service = new MyService();

MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(service);

MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(service);

myThread1.start();

myThread2.start();

}

}

结果

ThreadName=Thread-0 1

ThreadName=Thread-0 2

ThreadName=Thread-0 3

ThreadName=Thread-1 1

ThreadName=Thread-1 2

ThreadName=Thread-1 3

2、多线程执行不同代码块互斥

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

class MyService {

private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

public void methodA() {

lock.lock();

try {

System.out.println("MethodA begin ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

System.out.println("ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);

Thread.sleep(1000);

}

System.out.println("MethodA end ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

public void methodB() {

lock.lock();

try {

System.out.println("MethodB begin ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

System.out.println("ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);

Thread.sleep(1000);

}

System.out.println("MethodB end ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

}

class ThreadA extends Thread {

private MyService service;

ThreadA(MyService service) {

this.service = service;

}

@Override

public void run() {

service.methodA();

}

}

class ThreadB extends Thread {

private MyService service;

ThreadB(MyService service) {

this.service = service;

}

@Override

public void run() {

service.methodB();

}

}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyService service = new MyService();

ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);

threadA.setName("A");

ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);

threadB.setName("B");

threadA.start();

threadB.start();

}

}

结果:

MethodA begin ThreadName=A

ThreadName=A 1

ThreadName=A 2

ThreadName=A 3

MethodA end ThreadName=A

MethodB begin ThreadName=B

ThreadName=B 1

ThreadName=B 2

ThreadName=B 3

MethodB end ThreadName=B

3、多路通知

当多线程进入await状态时,利用Condition监视器对不同类型线程通知

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

class MyService {

private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

private Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();

private Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();

public void methodA() {

lock.lock();

try {

System.out.println("MethodA begin ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());

conditionA.await();

System.out.println("MethodA end ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

public void methodB() {

lock.lock();

try {

System.out.println("MethodB begin ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());

conditionB.await();

System.out.println("MethodB end ThreadName=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

public void signalA() {

lock.lock();

conditionA.signal();

lock.unlock();

}

public void signalA_All() {

lock.lock();

conditionA.signalAll();

lock.unlock();

}

public void signalB() {

lock.lock();

conditionB.signal();

lock.unlock();

}

public void signalB_All() {

lock.lock();

conditionB.signalAll();

lock.unlock();

}

}

class ThreadA extends Thread {

private MyService service;

ThreadA(MyService service) {

this.service = service;

}

@Override

public void run() {

service.methodA();

}

}

class ThreadB extends Thread {

private MyService service;

ThreadB(MyService service) {

this.service = service;

}

@Override

public void run() {

service.methodB();

}

}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

MyService service = new MyService();

ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);

threadA.setName("A");

ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);

threadB.setName("B");

threadA.start();

threadB.start();

Thread.sleep(1000);

service.signalA();

Thread.sleep(1000);

service.signalB();

// ThreadA[] threadAs = new ThreadA[10];

// for (int i=0;i<5;i++){

// threadAs[i] = new ThreadA(service);

// }

// ThreadB[] threadBs = new ThreadB[10];

// for (int i=0;i<5;i++){

// threadBs[i] = new ThreadB(service);

// }

//

// for (int i=0;i<5;i++){

// threadAs[i].start();

// threadBs[i].start();

// }

//

// Thread.sleep(1000);

// service.signalA_All();

// Thread.sleep(1000);

// service.signalB_All();

}

}

测试结果1:

MethodA begin ThreadName=A 1476800025028

MethodB begin ThreadName=B 1476800025029

MethodA end ThreadName=A 1476800026028

MethodB end ThreadName=B 1476800027028

修改代码为:

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

MyService service = new MyService();

// ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);

// threadA.setName("A");

//

// ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);

// threadB.setName("B");

// threadA.start();

// threadB.start();

//

// Thread.sleep(1000);

// service.signalA();

// Thread.sleep(1000);

// service.signalB();

ThreadA[] threadAs = new ThreadA[10];

for (int i=0;i<5;i++){

threadAs[i] = new ThreadA(service);

}

ThreadB[] threadBs = new ThreadB[10];

for (int i=0;i<5;i++){

threadBs[i] = new ThreadB(service);

}

for (int i=0;i<5;i++){

threadAs[i].start();

threadBs[i].start();

}

Thread.sleep(1000);

service.signalA_All();

Thread.sleep(1000);

service.signalB_All();

}

结果为:

MethodA begin ThreadName=Thread-0 1476800227416

MethodB begin ThreadName=Thread-7 1476800227417

MethodB begin ThreadName=Thread-5 1476800227417

MethodA begin ThreadName=Thread-3 1476800227418

MethodA begin ThreadName=Thread-1 1476800227418

MethodA begin ThreadName=Thread-4 1476800227418

MethodB begin ThreadName=Thread-6 1476800227418

MethodA begin ThreadName=Thread-2 1476800227418

MethodB begin ThreadName=Thread-8 1476800227418

MethodB begin ThreadName=Thread-9 1476800227418

MethodA end ThreadName=Thread-0 1476800228419

MethodA end ThreadName=Thread-3 1476800228419

MethodA end ThreadName=Thread-1 1476800228419

MethodA end ThreadName=Thread-4 1476800228420

MethodA end ThreadName=Thread-2 1476800228420

MethodB end ThreadName=Thread-7 1476800229419

MethodB end ThreadName=Thread-5 1476800229419

MethodB end ThreadName=Thread-6 1476800229419

MethodB end ThreadName=Thread-8 1476800229419

MethodB end ThreadName=Thread-9 1476800229419

4、公平所与非公平锁

公平锁是指线程获(getting)取锁的顺序和线程锁定(got)的顺序相同,

Lock的一些方法说明

A) getHoldCount()

获取当前锁定(got)的个数

B)getQueueLength()

获取当前正在等待获取(getting)锁的线程数(Threads)

C)getWaitQueueLength(Condition)

返回等待(await)与此锁定(got)的Condition相关的个数

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