计算机组成原理中英对照篇,计算机英语名词解释之硬件篇

计算机英语名词解释之硬件篇

(13页)

本资源提供全文预览，点击全文预览即可全文预览,如果喜欢文档就下载吧，查找使用更方便哦！

14.9 积分

计算机英语名词解释之硬件篇计算机组成原理中英对照篇Computer systems consist of hardware and software? Hardware is the physical part of the system. Once designed, hardware is difficult and expensive to change. Software is the set of programs that in struct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware ?计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件是系统的物理部分。硬件一旦设计完毕，要修改是 困难的，并且花费也人。软件是指挥硬件的程序集合，比硬件容易修改。Every computer has four basic hardware components:每台计算机都有女II 卜4种基本硕 件部件：? Input devices.输入设备? Output devices.输出设备? Main memory.主存储器? Central processing unit(CPU)冲央处理器A PROCESSOR 处理器A processor is composed of two functional units—a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit一and a set of special workspaces called registers.处理器由两个功能部件(控制部件和算术逻辑部件)与一组称为寄存器的特殊工作空间 组成。The Control Unit控制部件The Arithmetic and Logic Unit算术逻辑部件Registers寄存器MEMORY SYSTEMS 存储系统Memory Devices 存储器RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY随机存储器READ-ONLY MEMORY只读存储器MAGNETIC DISKS磁盘 MAGNETIC TAPE磁带INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM 输入输出(I/O 系统)Programmed 1/0(程序控制 I/O)Programmed I/O, also known as direct I/O, is accomplished by a program executing on the processor itself to control the I/O operations and transfer the data.程序控制I/O,又称肓接I/O,由在处理器上执行的程序去控制I/O操作和传送数据。Memory-Mapped 1/0(存储器映射 I/O)Memory-Mapped I/O is another form of programmed I/O that maps the device connections to bits in memory address space,存储器映射I/O是另一种程序控制I/O,它把I/O设备连接映射成存储器地址空间屮的 位纽，Interrupt I/O仲断 I/O)Because of the low efficiency of pure programmed or memory-mapped I/O in high-performance system, so interrupt is produced?由于对高性能系统来说纯程序控制I/O或存储器映射I/O的效率都很低，所以又出现了 屮断方式。Coprocessor 1/0(协处理器 I/O)When the processor is being used to control I/O and move the data, there is a loss of processor efficiency.[8] Thus the idea naturally arises to use a second processor or coprocessor for I/O.肖处理器用于控制I/O和传送数据时，其效率下降。因而门然会想到用第二个处理器或 协处理器去处理l/OoI/O devices 输入输出设备:1」NTERACTIVE INPUT交互性输入2.DIRECT INPUT宜接输入3.SPEECH RECOGNITION语音识别4.SENS0R INPUT传感器输入文本打印机6.PRINTERS FOR DOCUMENT OUTPUTSBUSES AND CONTROLLERS 总线和控制器Centralized Control.A single hardware control unit will recognize a request and grant access to the bus to a requesting device .It is the responsibility of the controller to resolve simultaneous requests and assign priority to the requests.At least three designs are used for centralized controllers:daisy chain, polling with a global counter, and polling with local counters.集中式控制。用一个控制器硬件去识别总线请求并允许请求设备去访问总线。该控制器 的责任是处理同时来的多个请求并对这些请求安排优先级。集中式控制器至少有3种方式： 菊花链式、带全局计数器的伦询和带局部计数器的伦询。Distributed Control.Distributed controL also known as decentralized controL distributes the control function between all the devices on the bus.The major advantage of decentralized controI is that the system is easily expandable by the addition of modules.As with centralized control, there are three basic designs:daisy chain, polling, and independent requests?分布式控制。分布式控制又称分散式控制，它把控制功能分布在总线上的所有设备中。 分散式控制的主要优点是通过增加模块使系统 关 键 词： 计算机 英语 名词解释 硬件

 天天文库所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。