以下是
Linux系统中
ping命令的源代码：
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <
signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/
socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PACKET_SIZE 4096
#define MAX_WAIT_TIME 5
#define MAX_NO_PACKETS 3
char
sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
int sockfd,datalen=56;
int n
send=0,nreceived=0;
struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
pid_t pid;
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct timeval tvrecv;
void statistics(int signo);
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len);
int pack(int pack_no);
void
send_packet(void);
void recv_packet(void);
int unpack(char *buf,int len);
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in)
{
if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0)
{
--out->tv_sec;
out->tv_usec += 1000000;
}
out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
struct hostent *host;
struct protoent *protocol;
unsigned long inaddr=0l;
int waittime=MAX_WAIT_TIME;
int size=50*1024;
int ttl=255;
int i=0;
bzero(&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr));
if(argc<2)
{
printf("usage:%s hostname/IP address\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
if((protocol=getprotobyname("icmp"))==NULL)
{
perror("getprotobyname");
exit(1);
}
if((sockfd=
socket(AF_INET,SOCK_
RAW,protocol->p_proto))<0)
{
perror("
socket error");
exit(1);
}
setuid(getuid());
setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_
SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,&size,sizeof(size));
setsockopt(sockfd,IPPROTO_IP,IP_TTL,&ttl,sizeof(ttl));
bzero(&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr));
dest_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
if(inaddr=inet_addr(argv[1])==INADDR_NONE)
{
if((host=gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL)
{
perror("gethostbyname error");
exit(1);
}
memcpy((char *)&dest_addr.sin_addr,host->h_addr,host->h_length);
}
else
dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inaddr;
pid=getpid();
printf("
PING %s(%s):%d bytes of data.\n",argv[1],inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);
for(i=0;i<MAX_NO_PACKETS;i++)
{
if(pack(i)<0)
continue;
send_packet();
recv_packet();
sleep(1);
}
statistics(SIGALRM);
return 0;
}
void statistics(int signo)
{
printf("\n--------------------
PING statistics-------------------\n");
printf("%d packets t
ransmitted,%d received,%.0f%% packet loss\n",
n
send,nreceived,(float)(n
send-nreceived)/n
send*100);
close(sockfd);
exit(0);
}
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len)
{
int nleft=len;
int sum=0;
unsigned short *w=addr;
unsigned short answer=0;
while(nleft>1)
{
sum+=*w++;
nleft-=2;
}
if(nleft==1)
{
*(unsigned char *)(&answer)=*(unsigned char *)w;
sum+=answer;
}
sum=(sum>>16)+(sum&0xffff);
sum+=(sum>>16);
answer=~sum;
return answer;
}
int pack(int pack_no)
{
int i=0;
int packsize=0;
struct icmp *icmp;
struct timeval *tval;
icmp=(struct icmp*)
sendpacket;
icmp->icmp_type=ICMP_ECHO;
icmp->icmp_code=0;
icmp->icmp_cksum=0;
icmp->icmp_seq=pack_no;
icmp->icmp_id=pid;
packsize=8+datalen;
tval= (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
gettimeofday(tval,NULL);
icmp->icmp_cksum=cal_chksum((unsigned short *)icmp,packsize);
return packsize;
}
void
send_packet()
{
int packetsize=0;
n
send++;
packetsize=pack(n
send);
if(
sendto(sockfd,
sendpacket,packetsize,0,(struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr))<0)
perror("
sendto error");
}
void recv_packet()
{
int n,fromlen;
extern int errno;
signal(SIGALRM,statistics);
fromlen=sizeof(from);
alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);
while(1)
{
if((n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket,sizeof(recvpacket),0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen))<0)
{
if(errno==EINTR)
continue;
perror("recvfrom error");
continue;
}
gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);
if(unpack(recvpacket,n)==-1)
continue;
nreceived++;
break;
}
}
int unpack(char *buf,int len)
{
int i,iphdrlen;
struct ip *ip;
struct icmp *icmp;
struct timeval *tv
send;
double rtt;
ip=(struct ip *)buf;
iphdrlen=ip->ip_hl<<2;
icmp=(struct icmp *)(buf+iphdrlen);
len-=iphdrlen;
if(len<8)
{
printf("ICMP packets\'s length is less than 8\n");
return -1;
}
if((icmp->icmp_type==ICMP_ECHOREPLY)&&(icmp->icmp_id==pid))
{
tv
send=(struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
tv_sub(&tvrecv,tv
send);
rtt=tvrecv.tv_sec*1000+tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;
printf("%d byte from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms\n",
len,inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),icmp->icmp_seq,ip->ip_ttl,rtt);
}
else
return -1;
}
```
上述代码实现了
ping命令的基本功能，包括构造ICMP报文、发送ICMP报文、接收ICMP报文、计算RTT等。
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