python中matplotlib库的文件在哪_如何使用python matplotlib库从wav文件中提取数据？

我试图从wav文件中提取数据，对每种频率及其振幅与时间的关系进行音频分析，我的目的是为大学项目的机器学习算法运行这些数据，经过一番谷歌搜索，我发现这可以通过Python的matplotlib库完成，我看到一些示例代码运行了一个简短的傅立叶变换，并绘制了这些wav文件的频谱图，但不明白如何使用这个库提取数据(音频文件中给定时间内所有频率的振幅)并将其存储在3D数组或.mat文件中。

以下是我在一些website上看到的代码：#!/usr/bin/env python

""" This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Frank Zalkow, 2012-2013 """

import numpy as np

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

import scipy.io.wavfile as wav

from numpy.lib import stride_tricks

""" short time fourier transform of audio signal """

def stft(sig, frameSize, overlapFac=0.5, window=np.hanning):

win = window(frameSize)

hopSize = int(frameSize - np.floor(overlapFac * frameSize))

# zeros at beginning (thus center of 1st window should be for sample nr. 0)

samples = np.append(np.zeros(np.floor(frameSize/2.0)), sig)

# cols for windowing

cols = np.ceil( (len(samples) - frameSize) / float(hopSize)) + 1

# zeros at end (thus samples can be fully covered by frames)

samples = np.append(samples, np.zeros(frameSize))

frames = stride_tricks.as_strided(samples, shape=(cols, frameSize), strides=(samples.strides[0]*hopSize, samples.strides[0])).copy()

frames *= win

return np.fft.rfft(frames)

""" scale frequency axis logarithmically """

def logscale_spec(spec, sr=44100, factor=20.):

timebins, freqbins = np.shape(spec)

scale = np.linspace(0, 1, freqbins) ** factor

scale *= (freqbins-1)/max(scale)

scale = np.unique(np.round(scale))

# create spectrogram with new freq bins

newspec = np.complex128(np.zeros([timebins, len(scale)]))

for i in range(0, len(scale)):

if i == len(scale)-1:

newspec[:,i] = np.sum(spec[:,scale[i]:], axis=1)

else:

newspec[:,i] = np.sum(spec[:,scale[i]:scale[i+1]], axis=1)

# list center freq of bins

allfreqs = np.abs(np.fft.fftfreq(freqbins*2, 1./sr)[:freqbins+1])

freqs = []

for i in range(0, len(scale)):

if i == len(scale)-1:

freqs += [np.mean(allfreqs[scale[i]:])]

else:

freqs += [np.mean(allfreqs[scale[i]:scale[i+1]])]

return newspec, freqs

""" plot spectrogram"""

def plotstft(audiopath, binsize=2**10, plotpath=None, colormap="jet"):

samplerate, samples = wav.read(audiopath)

s = stft(samples, binsize)

sshow, freq = logscale_spec(s, factor=1.0, sr=samplerate)

ims = 20.*np.log10(np.abs(sshow)/10e-6) # amplitude to decibel

timebins, freqbins = np.shape(ims)

plt.figure(figsize=(15, 7.5))

plt.imshow(np.transpose(ims), origin="lower", aspect="auto", cmap=colormap, interpolation="none")

plt.colorbar()

plt.xlabel("time (s)")

plt.ylabel("frequency (hz)")

plt.xlim([0, timebins-1])

plt.ylim([0, freqbins])

xlocs = np.float32(np.linspace(0, timebins-1, 5))

plt.xticks(xlocs, ["%.02f" % l for l in ((xlocs*len(samples)/timebins)+(0.5*binsize))/samplerate])

ylocs = np.int16(np.round(np.linspace(0, freqbins-1, 10)))

plt.yticks(ylocs, ["%.02f" % freq[i] for i in ylocs])

if plotpath:

plt.savefig(plotpath, bbox_inches="tight")

else:

plt.show()

plt.clf()

plotstft("abc.wav")

请指导我理解如何提取数据，如果不是通过matplotlib，请推荐一些其他的库来帮助我实现这一点。在