python安装包的方法与图解_Python包的几种安装方法,方式

1.前言

我们平常用到的包都是在https://pypi.org/这个网站获取的,开发者按照一定的开发标准将包发布到Pypi中,然后用户也就是使用包的我们通过不同的方式从该网站进行包的下载并安装。

Python包主要有.whl和.tar.gz两种格式,下面是Pandas包两种格式文件:

2.在线安装

在线安装是比较简单的一种方式,直接运行下面代码即可:

xxx表示具体的包的名字,那么具体在哪里运行这一行代码呢?主要有两个地方可以运行这一行代码。

如果你的Python有配置环境变量,那么你可以通过组合快捷键Win+R调用电脑自带的终端(cmd),然后输入上面的代码,敲回车运行即可。

如果你用的是Anaconda且你的Python没有配置环境变量,那么你需要在Anaconda自带的Anaconda Promt中运行上面的代码,敲击回车。

在线安装很简单,只要输入pip命令敲击回车以后,就等着就好了,不需要其他的操作。但是在线安装也有一个不好处就是下载比较慢,对于那些比较大的包可能就会出现连接超时的报错,导致最后安装失败。

所以除了在线安装以外,我们还有必要学习一下手动安装。

3.whl文件安装

前面说过.whl格式的文件是Python包的其中一种类型,你可以在https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#jpype这里找到几乎所有的.whl格式的文件。

这里需要注意一下每个文件后面的cp部分,这一部分是用来说明你要下载包的版本,包的版本需要与你Python的版本是一致的,cp36就表示Python3.6对应的包。win32表示系统是x32位的,win_amd64表示系统位数是x64位的。

将文件下载好以后,打开命令窗口,这里的命令窗口也是有两个,就是在线安装中用到的两个窗口,大家根据自己的情况进行选择即可,打开命令窗口以后利用cd命令切换到到whl文件所在的路径下。

我这里把pandas包下载到D盘中:

利用cd命令切换到D盘,然后运行pip install xxx.whl即可完成安装。

4.tar.gz文件安装

tar.gz文件需要到https://pypi.org/中选择对应格式的文件进行下载,下载下来以后是一个压缩包,需要进行解压,解压完以后打开命令窗口,同样需要切换到文件所在的路径下,然后运行python setup.py install命令进行安装即可。

其实安装.whl和.tar.gz格式的文件用到的方法基本一致,只不过两者用到的命令不同。

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