内省(Introspector) 是Java 语言对JavaBean类属性、事件的一种缺省处理方法。
JavaBean是一种特殊的类,主要用于传递数据信息,这种类中的方法主要用于访问私有的字段,且方法名符合某种命名规则。如果在两个模块之间传递信息,可以将信息封装进JavaBean中,这种对象称为“值对象”(Value Object),或“VO”。方法比较少。这些信息储存在类的私有变量中,通过set()、get()获得。
例如类UserInfo :
packagecom.peidasoft.instrospector;public classUserInfo {private longuserId;privateString userName;private intage;privateString emailAddress;public longgetUserId() {returnuserId;
}public void setUserId(longuserId) {this.userId =userId;
}publicString getUserName() {returnuserName;
}public voidsetUserName(String userName) {this.userName =userName;
}public intgetAge() {returnage;
}public void setAge(intage) {this.age =age;
}publicString getEmailAddress() {returnemailAddress;
}public voidsetEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {this.emailAddress =emailAddress;
}
}
在类UserInfo中有属性userName,那我们可以通过getUserName, setUserName来得到其值或者设置新的值。通过getUserName/setUserName来访问userName属性,这就是默认的规则。Java JDK中提供了一套API用来访问某个属性的getter/setter方法,这就是内省。
JDK内省类库:
PropertyDescriptor类:(属性描述器)
PropertyDescriptor类表示JavaBean类通过存储器导出一个属性。主要方法:
1. getPropertyType(),获得属性的Class对象;
2. getReadMethod(),获得用于读取属性值的方法;
3. getWriteMethod(),获得用于写入属性值的方法;
4. hashCode(),获取对象的哈希值;
5. setReadMethod(Method readMethod),设置用于读取属性值的方法;
6. setWriteMethod(Method writeMethod),设置用于写入属性值的方法。
实例代码如下:
packagecom.peidasoft.instrospector;importjava.beans.BeanInfo;importjava.beans.Introspector;importjava.beans.PropertyDescriptor;importjava.lang.reflect.Method;public classBeanInfoUtil {//设置bean的某个属性值
public static void setProperty(UserInfo userInfo, String userName) throwsException {//获取bean的某个属性的描述符
PropertyDescriptor propDesc = new PropertyDescriptor(userName, UserInfo.class);//获得用于写入属性值的方法
Method methodSetUserName =propDesc.getWriteMethod();//写入属性值
methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "wong");
System.out.println("set userName:" +userInfo.getUserName());
}//获取bean的某个属性值
public static void getProperty(UserInfo userInfo, String userName) throwsException {//获取Bean的某个属性的描述符
PropertyDescriptor proDescriptor = new PropertyDescriptor(userName, UserInfo.class);//获得用于读取属性值的方法
Method methodGetUserName =proDescriptor.getReadMethod();//读取属性值
Object objUserName =methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
System.out.println("get userName:" +objUserName.toString());
}
}
Introspector类:
将JavaBean中的属性封装起来进行操作。在程序把一个类当做JavaBean来看,就是调用Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法,得到的BeanInfo对象封装了把这个类当做JavaBean看的结果信息,即属性的信息。
getPropertyDescriptors(),获得属性的描述,可以采用遍历BeanInfo的方法,来查找、设置类的属性。具体代码如下:
importjava.beans.BeanInfo;importjava.beans.Introspector;importjava.beans.PropertyDescriptor;importjava.lang.reflect.Method;public classBeanInfoUtil {//通过内省设置bean的某个属性值
public static void setPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo, String userName) throwsException {//获取bean信息
BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class);//获取bean的所有属性列表
PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors =beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();//遍历属性列表,查找指定的属性
if (proDescrtptors != null && proDescrtptors.length > 0) {for(PropertyDescriptor propDesc : proDescrtptors) {//找到则写入属性值
if(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)) {
Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo,"alan"); //写入属性值
System.out.println("set userName:" +userInfo.getUserName());break;
}
}
}
}//通过内省获取bean的某个属性值
public static void getPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo, String userName) throwsException {
BeanInfo beanInfo= Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class);
PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();if (proDescrtptors != null && proDescrtptors.length > 0) {for(PropertyDescriptor propDesc : proDescrtptors) {if(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)) {
Method methodGetUserName=propDesc.getReadMethod();
Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
System.out.println("get userName:" +objUserName.toString());break;
}
}
}
}
}
通过这两个类的比较可以看出,都是需要获得PropertyDescriptor,只是方式不一样:前者通过创建对象直接获得,后者需要遍历,所以使用PropertyDescriptor类更加方便。
packagecom.peidasoft.instrospector;public classBeanInfoTest {/***@paramargs the command line arguments*/
public static voidmain(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo= newUserInfo();
userInfo.setUserName("peida");try{
BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo,"userName");
BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,"userName");
BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo,"userName");
BeanInfoUtil.setPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo,"userName");
BeanInfoUtil.getPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo,"userName");
BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,"age"); //IllegalArgumentException
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出结果:
get userName:peida
set userName:wong
get userName:wong
set userName:alan
get userName:alan
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at com.peidasoft.instrospector.BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(BeanInfoUtil.java:22)
at com.peidasoft.instrospector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java:26)
说明:BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo,"age");报错是应为age属性是int数据类型,而setProperty方法里面默认给age属性赋的值是String类型。所以会爆出argument type mismatch参数类型不匹配的错误信息。
BeanUtils工具包:
由上述可看出,内省操作非常的繁琐,所以所以Apache开发了一套简单、易用的API来操作Bean的属性——BeanUtils工具包。
BeanUtils工具包:下载:http://commons.apache.org/beanutils/,注意:应用的时候还需要一个logging包http://commons.apache.org/logging/
使用BeanUtils工具包完成上面的测试代码:
packagecom.peidasoft.instrospector;importjava.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;importorg.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;importorg.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;public classBeanInfoTest {/***@paramargs the command line arguments*/
public static voidmain(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo= newUserInfo();
userInfo.setUserName("peida");try{
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"userName", "peida");
System.out.println("set userName:" +userInfo.getUserName());
System.out.println("get userName:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName"));
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age", 18);
System.out.println("set age:" +userInfo.getAge());
System.out.println("get age:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age"));
System.out.println("get userName type:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName").getClass().getName());
System.out.println("get age type:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age").getClass().getName());
PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age", 8);
System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"age"));
System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"age").getClass().getName());
PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age", "8"); //IllegalArgumentException
} catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException |InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
[java] view plain copy
set userName:peida
get userName:peida
set age:18get age:18get userName type:java.lang.String
get age type:java.lang.String8java.lang.Integer
Exception in thread"main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot invoke com.peidasoft.instrospector.UserInfo.setAge on bean class
'class com.peidasoft.instrospector.UserInfo' - argument type mismatch - had objects of type "java.lang.String" but expected signature "int"at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2181)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2097)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:1903)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2010)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java:896)
at com.peidasoft.instrospector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java:32)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2116)
...5 more
说明:
1. 获得属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName"),返回字符串。
2. 设置属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", 8),参数是字符串或基本类型自动包装。设置属性的值是字符串,获得的值也是字符串,不是基本类型。 3. BeanUtils的特点:
1). 对基本数据类型的属性的操作:在WEB开发、使用中,录入和显示时,值会被转换成字符串,但底层运算用的是基本类型,这些类型转到动作由BeanUtils自动完成。
2). 对引用数据类型的属性的操作:首先在类中必须有对象,不能是null,例如,private Date birthday=new Date();。操作的是对象的属性而不是整个对象,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "birthday.time", 111111);
packagecom.peidasoft.Introspector;importjava.util.Date;public classUserInfo {private Date birthday = new Date(); //引用类型的属性,不能为null
public voidsetBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday =birthday;
}publicDate getBirthday() {returnbirthday;
}
}
packagecom.peidasoft.Beanutil;importjava.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;importorg.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;importcom.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;public classBeanUtilTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo=newUserInfo();try{
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time","111111"); //操作对象的属性,而不是整个对象
Object obj = BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "birthday.time");
System.out.println(obj);
}catch(IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
3. PropertyUtils类和BeanUtils不同在于,运行getProperty、setProperty操作时,没有类型转换,使用属性的原有类型或者包装类。由于age属性的数据类型是int,所以方法PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age", "8")会爆出数据类型不匹配,无法将值赋给属性。
声明本文转自:http://blog.csdn.net/zhoudaxia/article/details/33783321