本篇文章帮大家学习HttpClient基于表单登录,包含了HttpClient基于表单登录使用方法、操作技巧、实例演示和注意事项,有一定的学习价值,大家可以用来参考。
使用HttpClient库,可以发送请求或通过传递参数登录表单。
按照以下步骤登录表单。
第1步 - 创建一个HttpClient对象HttpClients类的createDefault()方法返回类CloseableHttpClient的对象,该对象是HttpClient接口的基本实现。使用此方法创建一个HttpClient对象 -
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
第2步 - 创建RequestBuilder对象
RequestBuilder类用于通过向其添加参数来构建请求。如果请求类型是:PUT或POST,则它将参数作为URL编码实体添加到请求中
使用post()方法创建RequestBuilder对象(类型为POST)。
//Building the post request object
RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post();
第3步 - 将Uri和参数设置为RequestBuilder。使用RequestBuilder类的setUri()和addParameter()方法将URI和参数设置为RequestBuilder对象。
//Set URI and parameters
RequestBuilder reqbuilder = reqbuilder.setUri("http://httpbin.org/post");
reqbuilder = reqbuilder1.addParameter("Name", "username").addParameter("password", "password");
第4步 - 构建HttpUriRequest对象设置所需参数后,使用build()方法构建HttpUriRequest对象。
//Building the HttpUriRequest object
HttpUriRequest httppost = reqbuilder2.build();
第5步 - 执行请求CloseableHttpClient对象的execute()方法接受HttpUriRequest(接口)对象(即:HttpGet,HttpPost,HttpPut,HttpHead等)并返回响应对象。
通过将它传递给execute()方法来执行前面步骤中创建的HttpUriRequest。
//Execute the request
HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);
示例
以下示例演示了如何通过发送登录凭据登录到表单。在这里,我们向表单发送了两个参数 - username和password,并尝试打印消息实体和请求的状态。
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
public class FormLoginExample {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
//Creating CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//Creating the RequestBuilder object
RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post();
//Setting URI and parameters
RequestBuilder reqbuilder1 = reqbuilder.setUri("http://httpbin.org/post");
RequestBuilder reqbuilder2 = reqbuilder1.addParameter("Name",
"username").addParameter("password", "password");
//Building the HttpUriRequest object
HttpUriRequest httppost = reqbuilder2.build();
//Executing the request
HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);
//Printing the status and the contents of the response
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(httpresponse.getEntity()));
System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine());
}
}
执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:
{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"Name": "username",
"password": "password"
},
"headers": {
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "31",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset = UTF-8",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.6 (Java/1.8.0_91)"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "217.216.145.180",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cookie表单登录
如果表单存储cookie,而不是创建默认的CloseableHttpClient对象。通过实例化BasicCookieStore类来创建CookieStore对象。
//Creating a BasicCookieStore object
BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
使用HttpClients类的custom()方法创建HttpClientBuilder。
//Creating an HttpClientBuilder object
HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
使用setDefaultCookieStore()方法将cookie存储设置为客户端构建器。
//Setting default cookie store to the client builder object
Clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore);
使用build()方法构建CloseableHttpClient对象。
//Building the CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder1.build();
通过传递执行请求来构建上面指定的HttpUriRequest对象。如果页面存储cookie,则传递的参数将添加到cookie存储中。
可以打印CookieStore对象的内容,在其中查看参数(以及以前存储的页面)。
要打印cookie,请使用getCookies()方法从CookieStore对象获取所有cookie。此方法返回List对象。使用Iterator打印列表对象内容,如下所示 -
//Printing the cookies
List list = cookieStore.getCookies();
System.out.println("list of cookies");
Iterator it = list.iterator();
if(it.hasNext()){
System.out.println(it.next());
}