python中eval函数作用,Python eval在函数内不起作用

Why does Python's eval not work inside a function? The same eval(compile(cmd)) code works in a global environment, but does not work inside the foo function.

Simple example:

fn = '/tmp/tmp'

mode = 'single'

def foo(cmd, fn, mode):

eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode)) # <<< this does not work

print 'foo: cmd=', cmd

print 'foo: x=', x

cmd = "x = 1"

eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode)) # <<< this works

print 'global scope: cmd=', cmd

print 'global scope: x=', x

del(x)

foo('x = 9', fn, mode)

This is the output and error message:

global scope: cmd= x = 1

global scope: x= 1

foo: cmd= x = 9

foo: x=

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "ctest.py", line 20, in

foo('x = 9', fn, mode)

File "ctest.py", line 12, in foo

print 'foo: x=', x

NameError: global name 'x' is not defined

解决方案

In your function, the execution does work but x ends up in locals(), and then the print statement tries to find x in globals() and so raises the NameError.

fn = '/tmp/tmp'

mode = 'single'

def foo(cmd, fn, mode):

eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode))

print 'locals:', locals()

print 'foo: cmd=', cmd

print 'foo: x=', locals()['x']

cmd = "x = 1"

eval(compile(cmd, fn, mode))

print 'global scope: cmd=', cmd

print 'global scope: x=', x

del(x)

foo('x = 9', fn, mode)

Outputs:

global scope: cmd= x = 1

global scope: x= 1

locals: {'x': 9, 'cmd': 'x = 9', 'mode': 'single', 'fn': '/tmp/tmp'}

foo: cmd= x = 9

foo: x= 9