背景
继续上一节的测试需求,在上一节里,任何1条测试数据导致断言不通过后测试用例就会停止运行,这样每次只能检查出1条不符合规范的数据,有没有什么办法可以一次性把所有的不符合结果都测出来呢?
这时候我们就需要用到参数化的fixture特性了
更新数据文件
新建users.test.json文件,内容如下
[
{"name":"jack","password":"Iloverose"},
{"name":"rose","password":"Ilovejack"},
{"name":"tom","password":"password123"},
{"name":"mike","password":"password"},
{"name":"james","password":"AGoodPasswordWordShouldBeLongEnough"}
]
我们增加了2条用户信息,其中mike的密码是弱密码。
参数化fixture
参数化fixture允许我们向fixture提供参数,参数可以是list,该list中有几条数据,fixture就会运行几次,相应的测试用例也会运行几次。
参数化fixture的语法是
@pytest.fixture(params=[“smtp.gmail.com”, “mail.python.org”])
其中len(params)的值就是用例执行的次数
在fixture的定义中,可以使用request.param来获取每次传入的参数,如下:
@pytest.fixture(scope="module",params=["smtp.gmail.com", "mail.python.org"])
def smtp(request):
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(request.param, 587, timeout=5)
yield smtp
print ("finalizing %s" % smtp)
smtp.close()
上面的代码smtp fixture会执行2次
第1次request.param == ‘smtp.gmail.com’
第2次request.param == ‘mail.python.org’
实现用例
我们现在使用参数化fixtures来实现一次性检查出弱密码的用例。
新建文件test_user_password_with_params.py,内容如下:
import pytest
import json
users = json.loads(open('./users.test.json', 'r').read())
class TestUserPasswordWithParam(object):
@pytest.fixture(params=users)
def user(self, request):
return request.param
def test_user_password(self, user):
passwd = user['password']
assert len(passwd) >= 6
msg = "user %s has a weak password" %(user['name'])
assert passwd != 'password', msg
assert passwd != 'password123', msg
上面的例子里,我们先把所有用户信息读到users变量里,注意users这时候是list类型,可以直接传入到fixture的params
运行及结果
运行
pytest test_user_password_with_params.py
结果
$ pytest test_user_password_with_params.py
========================= test session starts=========================
platform darwin – Python 2.7.12, pytest-3.2.3, py-1.4.34,
pluggy-0.4.0 rootdir: /Users/easonhan/code/testclass.net/src/pytest,
inifile: collected 5 items
test_user_password_with_params.py …FF.
========================== FAILURES====================
_________________________________________________________ TestUserPasswordWithParam.test_user_password[user2]
self = <test_user_password_with_params.TestUserPasswordWithParam
object at 0x10de1d790>, user = {‘name’: ‘tom’, ‘password’:
‘password123’}def test_user_password(self, user):
passwd = user[‘password’]
assert len(passwd) >= 6
msg = “user %s has a weak password” %(user[‘name’])
assert passwd != ‘password’, msg
assert passwd != ‘password123’, msg E AssertionError: user tom has a weak password E assert ‘password123’ !=
‘password123’test_user_password_with_params.py:15: AssertionError
_________________________________________________________ TestUserPasswordWithParam.test_user_password[user3]
self = <test_user_password_with_params.TestUserPasswordWithParam
object at 0x10de1df50>, user = {‘name’: ‘mike’, ‘password’:
‘password’}def test_user_password(self, user):
passwd = user[‘password’]
assert len(passwd) >= 6
msg = “user %s has a weak password” %(user[‘name’])
assert passwd != ‘password’, msgE AssertionError: user mike has a weak password
E assert ‘password’ != ‘password’
test_user_password_with_params.py:14: AssertionError
============ 2 failed, 3 passed in 0.05 seconds==========================
稍微留意一下, 可以看出tom和mike使用了弱密码。总共运行了5个用例,3个成功,2个失败。
fixture的更多特性
fixture还有很多更加灵活和深入的用法,具体见官方文档