No.4 配置yum仓库和磁盘文件管理

已于 2022-03-21 17:24:56 修改
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分类专栏： 学习总结 文章标签： centos 运维 linux
于 2021-09-23 18:52:30 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42534981/article/details/120430827
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1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源

1.1配置网络源

centos7

vim /etc/yum.repo.d/base.repo

[base]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0
enable=1
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

centos8

vim /etc/yum.repo.d/base.repo

[baseos]
name=baseos
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearchos/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[appstream]
name=appstream
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
	    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
	    https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
	    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1	    
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

1.2 本地源

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                                                    repo name                                                                                  status
AppStream                                                                                  AppStream                                                                                  5,684
BaseOS                                                                                     BaseOS                                                                                     1,694
base7                                                                                      base7                                                                                      4,070
repolist: 11,448
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# 
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# 
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# 
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# 
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat local7.repo 
[base7]
name=base7
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/centos/7
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# cat local8.repo 
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/centos/8/AppStream
enable=1

[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/centos/8/BaseOS
enable=1
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

1.3 建立私有yum仓库

centos7

直接挂载光盘模拟本地仓库
在这里插入图片描述

yum install -y httpd
systemctl enable --now httpd
cd /var/www/html
mkdir centos/{7,8} -p
[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0   10G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0    5G  0 part /data
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom  
sr1     11:1    1  8.6G  0 rom 

**#挂载7的目录**
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7-test 7]# ls 7
CentOS_BuildTag  EFI  EULA  GPL  images  isolinux  LiveOS  Packages  repodata  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7  TRANS.TBL

**#挂载8的目录**
[root@centos7 local]# mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/8
mount: /dev/sr1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7-test centos]# ls 8
AppStream  BaseOS  EFI  images  isolinux  LICENSE  media.repo  TRANS.TBL

**#查看挂载情况**
[root@centos7-test centos]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           487M  7.6M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2       9.8G  5.8G  3.5G  64% /
/dev/sda1       976M  108M  801M  12% /boot
/dev/sda3       4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /data
tmpfs            98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0        4.4G  4.4G     0 100% /var/www/html/centos/7
/dev/sr1        8.7G  8.7G     0 100% /var/www/html/centos/8

浏览器输入url：http://192.168.234.131/centos/
在这里插入图片描述
编辑配置文件
centos7

[base]
name=base
baseurl=http://192.168.234.131/centos/7/
gpgcheck=0

centos8



[baseos]
name=baseos
baseurl=http://192.168.234.131/centos/8/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[appstream]
name=appstream
baseurl=http://192.168.234.131/centos/8/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

配置本地epel源和extras源，以centos8为例：

[18:38:20 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#yum repolist
repo id                                               repo name
appstream                                             appstream
baseos                                                baseos
epel                                                  epel
extras                                                extras
[17:06:04 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#dnf reposync --repoid=epel --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/centos
epel                                                                                                                                                         40 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
epel                                                                                                                                                        6.1 MB/s |  23 MB     00:03    
(1/7772): 3proxy-0.8.13-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                    707 kB/s | 175 kB     00:00    
(2/7772): AusweisApp2-1.22.2-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                               1.8 MB/s | 1.0 MB     00:00    
(3/7772): BackupPC-4.4.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                   1.9 MB/s | 489 kB     00:00    
......

[17:07:51 root@localhost yum.repos.d]#dnf reposync --repoid=extras --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/centos
extras                                                                                                                                                       38 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00    
extras                                                                                                                                                       53 kB/s |  15 kB     00:00    
(1/37): centos-release-ceph-nautilus-1.2-2.el8.noarch.rpm                                                                                                    67 kB/s | 8.8 kB     00:00    
(2/37): centos-release-ansible-29-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm                                                                                                         52 kB/s | 8.4 kB     00:00    
(3/37): centos-release-advanced-virtualization-1.0-3.el8.noarch.rpm                                                                                          96 kB/s |  16 kB     00:00    
......
[17:08:08 root@localhost centos]#ls
epel  extras

通过http发布：

dnf install -y httpd
systemctl enable --now httpd
访问url：http://192.168.234.129/centos/

在这里插入图片描述
编辑配置文件

[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=http://192.168.234.129/centos/epel/
[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=http://192.168.234.129/centos/extras/

2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。

#!/bin/bash
#安装依赖
dnf install gcc make autoconf apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config 
#下载源码包
wget https://dlcdn.apache.org//httpd/httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz
#解压到指定目录
tar xvf httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
#进入目录编译安装
cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.49/
./configure
#./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl
make
make install
#设置变量
cd /usr/local/apache2/bin/
ls
echo 'PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
. /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
#启动验证
apachectl start
ps aux

打开url：192.168.234.129
在这里插入图片描述

#查看进程是daemon用户运行的 ，改成apache用户运行
[21:22:48 root@localhost local]#ps aux
root       29141  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I    21:21   0:00 [kworker/0:2-ata_sff]
root       29151  0.0  0.2  98216  4592 ?        Ss   21:22   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
daemon     29152  0.0  0.2 873896  5492 ?        Sl   21:22   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
daemon     29153  0.0  0.2 873896  5492 ?        Sl   21:22   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
daemon     29154  0.0  0.2 873896  5492 ?        Sl   21:22   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

#新建用户和组
groupadd -r -g 99 apache
useradd -r -g apache -s /usr/sbin/nologin -d /var/www apache
#进配置文件修改用户组配置
cd usr/local/apache2/conf
vim httpd.conf
User apache
Group apache
apachectl restart

#查看身份已切换成apache
[21:27:46 root@localhost conf]#ps aux
apache     29282  0.0  0.2 858076  5508 ?        Sl   21:27   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
apache     29283  0.0  0.2 858076  5508 ?        Sl   21:27   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start
apache     29284  0.0  0.2 858076  5508 ?        Sl   21:27   0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start

3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

#非数字开头，[把0到9或者.],+代表1个以上匹配ip地址，然后分组，后面用.*匹配，取第1组
[21:48:24 root@localhost conf]#ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/[^0-9]+([0-9.]+).*/\1/p'
192.168.234.129

#以任意字符开头都inet空格，然后匹配ip地址，在加2个空格，匹配netmask后面的，分组取值
[21:55:33 root@localhost conf]#ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/.*inet ([0-9.]+)  netmask.*/\1/p'
192.168.234.129

#以非数字开头数量1个以上，匹配0-9和. 数量7-15个，（IP地址的最短和最长），分组取值
[22:44:35 root@localhost conf]#ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/^[^0-9]+([0-9.]{7,15}).*/\1/p'
192.168.234.129

#以非数字开头，匹配ip地址，后面全用.*表示，分组取值
[22:48:22 root@localhost conf]#ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/[^0-9]+([0-9.]+).*$/\1/p'
192.168.234.129

#匹配前面字符，ip地址，以及最后面字符，分3组取值
[22:49:54 root@localhost conf]#ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/(.*inet )([0-9.]+)  (netmask.*)/\2/p'
192.168.234.129

#匹配前面字符加空格，然后ip地址到netmask，（这样会包括中间空格，重定向到文件 使用set list可以看到空格）
[22:50:30 root@localhost conf]#ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/(.*inet )([0-9.].*)(netmask.*)/\2/p'
192.168.234.129
改为：ifconfig ens32 | sed -rn '2s/(.*inet )([0-9.].*)(  netmask.*)/\2/p'

4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[23:27:10 root@localhost home]#sed -r '/^#/s@^#[[:space:]]?(.*)@\1@' fstab 


/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 31 12:10:02 2021

Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.

After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
units generated from this file.

/dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=8be19319-a9f6-4189-89cb-cf5c3c229480 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/cl-data     /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

[22:14:47 root@localhost home]#echo "/etc/fstab" | sed -rn 's@^(/.*/)(.*)@\1@p' 
/etc/
[22:14:56 root@localhost home]#echo "/etc/fstab" | sed -rn 's@^(/.*/)(.*)@\2@p' 
fstab

6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法(自由总结)

apt命令功能
apt install安装软件包
apt remove移除软件包
apt purge移除软件包及配置文件
apt update刷新存储库索引
apt upgrade更新升级已安装的软件包
apt show显示安装细节
apt autoremove自动删除不需要的包
apt search搜索软件包
apt list列出包含条件的包
IT_KKevin
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