Java学习之多态

Java学习之多态

1. 背景知识
Java是面向对象的语言，在Java中一切都是对象。Java具有OOP语言所具有的一切特性：封装、继承和多态。
多态是面向对象程序设计中一个非常重要的特性，理解了多态后能够很好地进行面向对象的分析与设计。
2. 发生条件

1. 继承，多态一定要发生在继承之后，在子类与父类之间。
2. 重载@Override，子类在继承父类之后要对其方法进行覆盖。
3. 在声明时声明的变量类型是父类类型，但是实例要指向子类实例。
   如：Father father=new Child();

2. 代码示例

1. 父类People

package polymorphism;

public class People {
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public People(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "People [name="+name+",age="+age+"]";
	}
	
}

2. 子类Student

package polymorphism;

public class Student extends People {
	String school;

	public Student(String name, int age, String school) {
		super(name, age);
		this.school = school;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [school="+school+",name="+name+",age="+age+"]";
	}
}

3. 子类Worker

package polymorphism;

public class Worker extends People{
	String factory;

	public Worker(String name, int age, String factory) {
		super(name, age);
		this.factory = factory;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Woeker [factory="+factory+",name="+name+",age="+age+"]";
	}
}

4. 实现

package polymorphism;

public class Polymorphism {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//发生多态
		People p1=new Student("小张", 21, "南京大学");
		People p2=new Worker("小王", 22, "BYD");
		
		People p3=new People("小红", 21);
		Student p4=new Student("小张", 21, "南京大学");
		Worker p5=new Worker("小王", 22, "BYD");
		
		People[] p= {p1,p2,p3,p4,p5};
		int numOfStudent=0;
		int numOfWorker=0;
		for(People people:p) {
			if(people instanceof Student) {
				numOfStudent++;
			}else if(people instanceof Worker) {
				numOfWorker++;
			}
		}
		System.out.printf("工人人数：%d，学生人数：%d",numOfWorker,numOfStudent);
	}

}